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根据提供的信息,我们可以撰写一篇关于区块链扩容方案和主要二层网络(Layer 2)的简要报道。


标题:区块链扩容方案及主要二层网络概述

在今年的“双11”购物狂欢节中,中心化系统的处理能力得到了充分展示——阿里巴巴集团旗下的阿里云宣布,订单创建峰值达到每秒54.4万笔,创下了新的纪录。相比之下,去中心化的区块链技术在性能上显得不足,例如比特币区块链每秒只能处理约7笔交易,以太坊则能处理十几笔。

为了解决这一性能瓶颈,区块链技术开发人员和项目团队提出了多种扩容方案,主要分为两大类:链上扩容和链下扩容。

链上扩容直接在区块链上修改规则,如区块大小和共识机制。例如,将比特币的区块大小从1M扩展到32M、128M甚至2G。此外,以太坊2.0计划采用分片技术来提高交易处理能力。

链下扩容则是在主链之外建立第二层交易网络,也被称为“Layer 2”。这种扩容方式类似于在道路旁边建设高架桥和隧道,以缓解交通拥堵。

目前,链下扩容方案主要分为三类:支付扩展、智能合约扩展和链下计算。

  • 支付扩展:最知名的例子是比特币的闪电网络(Lightning Network),它通过建立支付通道来提高交易速度和降低成本。类似的,以太坊上的雷电网络(Raiden Network)和Liquidity Network也旨在实现这一目标。

  • 智能合约扩展:分层侧链Plasma是由开发者Joseph Poon和以太坊创始人Vitalik Buterin共同提出的,它旨在将智能合约的计算转移到侧链上。

  • 链下计算:Celer Network是一个知名的链下计算扩容方案,旨在建立一个支持现有和未来区块链的通用二层网络。

尽管这些扩容方案都在不断发展中,但它们已经为区块链技术的广泛应用提供了可行的路径。随着这些技术的成熟,我们可以期待区块链在处理性能上取得显著提升。


这篇报道基于提供的信息,简要介绍了区块链的扩容方案和主要的二层网络技术。如果需要更深入的分析或详细的技术解读,可以根据具体需求进一步扩展内容。


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