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标题:美国商务部拟加强量子计算等先进技术出口管控

副标题:新规定征求公众意见,涵盖量子计算、半导体设备等领域

正文:

华盛顿消息,美国商务部产业与安全局(BIS)于当地时间2024年9月5日发布了一项修订美国《出口管理条例》(EAR)的拟议规则。该规则旨在加强对量子计算、半导体制造设备、环绕栅场效应晶体管(GAAFET)技术及增材制造设备(3D打印)等关键技术的出口管控,并公开征求公众意见,意见反馈期限为60天。

本次修订的主要内容包括:

  1. 量子计算:新增多项与量子计算相关的物项,并实施新的许可要求和年度报告要求。这些物项包括低温冷却系统、低温晶圆探测设备、外延材料等,以及量子计算机及其相关电子组件和部件。

  2. 先进半导体制造设备:新增两项半导体设备相关物项,并对现有物项的许可要求进行修订。同时,取消了对某些物项的许可例外,并新增IEC许可例外。

  3. 环绕栅场效应晶体管(GAAFET)技术:新增ECCN编码,实施新的许可要求和年度报告要求,并设立通用许可证6号,授权向特定国家组的特定最终用户出口或再出口。

  4. 增材制造设备:新增三项与增材制造设备相关的ECCN编码,并对这些物项实施许可证要求。

  5. IEC许可例外:新增IEC许可例外,授权特定物项出口、再出口或境内转移至实施同样出口管制标准的国家。

  6. 国家安全和区域稳定:在国家安全和区域稳定的管控原因下,新增两项许可要求,并对视同出口和视同再出口的排除适用进行规定。

美国商务部的这一拟议规则表明,美国政府对先进技术的出口管控日益严格,特别是在国家安全和区域稳定方面的考虑。新规定一旦实施,将对全球科技供应链产生重大影响。

公众意见征集期结束后,BIS将根据收到的反馈对拟议规则进行修订,并最终发布正式规则。


注: 新闻稿中的技术术语和细节已尽量简化,以便于公众理解。具体的技术细节和编码信息在正式的新闻发布或官方文件中会有更详细的说明。


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