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大气河引发的灾难:阿拉斯加佩德森泻湖发生毁灭性山体滑坡和海啸

阿拉斯加南部,2024年8月7日 – 一条强劲的大气河袭击了阿拉斯加南部,引发了佩德森泻湖上游西北侧斜坡的大规模山体滑坡,并导致了高达56英尺(17米)的海啸,给该地区带来了毁灭性的破坏。

据美国地质调查局(USGS)初步估计,此次山体滑坡涉及约200万立方米的岩石和碎石,这些碎石沿着佩德森冰川移动,最终坠入水中。海啸席卷了佩德森泻湖,摧毁了湖泊上下两部分之间的树木和植被,并破坏了泻湖下游东侧的一家旅馆的木板路。

冰川退缩,环境脆弱

这场灾难凸显了阿拉斯加南部冰川退缩带来的环境脆弱性。佩德森冰川是基奈峡湾国家公园中三个湖泊末端冰川之一,在过去的40年里,这些冰川出现了显著的后退。研究人员通过分析1984年至2021年的Landsat图像发现,佩德森冰川在此期间后退了2英里(3.2公里)。

冰川退缩会影响陡峭地形的稳定性,例如阿拉斯加南部冰川雕琢的峡湾两侧的悬崖。随着冰川的消融,山坡更容易发生滑坡。佩德森冰川的退缩加剧了该地区的地质不稳定性,为山体滑坡的发生提供了条件。

卫星图像记录灾难

大地遥感卫星9号上的陆地成像仪2号拍摄的卫星图像记录了这场灾难的发生过程。2024年7月27日,卫星拍摄到了佩德森泻湖的原始状态。而8月20日拍摄的图像则显示了山体滑坡和海啸发生后的惨状,山体滑坡的源头区域以及海啸造成的破坏清晰可见。

专家警告:警惕潜在风险

这场灾难也为人们敲响了警钟,提醒人们关注气候变化对环境的影响。随着全球气温持续上升,冰川退缩将更加严重,类似的灾难可能会更加频繁地发生。专家建议,人们应该警惕潜在的风险,并采取措施来保护环境,减缓气候变化的进程。

这场灾难不仅是一场自然灾害,更是一次警示,提醒人们关注环境变化带来的挑战,并采取行动来应对这些挑战。


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