海龙屯：见证中原王朝与西南边远地区互动
中新社贵阳8月23日电 题：海龙屯如何见证中原王朝与西南边远地区的互动？
——专访遵义师范学院历史文化与旅游学院教授陈季君
中新社记者 瞿宏伦
海龙屯，位于贵州省遵义市汇川区，是中国西南地区历史最久、规模最大、保存最完整的土司城堡之一，是西南播州杨氏土司文化的重要遗存，见证了中原王朝与西南边远地区的互动。作为贵州首个世界文化遗产，海龙屯有着怎样的历史来路与宝贵价值？遵义师范学院历史文化与旅游学院教授陈季君近日就此接受中新社“东西问”专访。
陈季君教授指出，播州地区自唐代设立至明代废止，凭借其优越的地理环境和丰富的资源，经济发达而富饶。南宋时期，播州成为杨氏控制下的羁縻州，海龙屯因其特殊的地理环境优势，被朝廷纳入南宋西南山城防御体系中“卫星城堡”之一。
从杨文初建海龙屯到末代土司杨应龙反叛前，海龙屯从未用于战事。历代杨氏土官为中央王朝“谨守疆土”，使地方绥宁。海龙屯依山势绵延约6公里的厚实城垣，左右临渊，前后设关，中央设衙署，衙署四周又另筑周长504米城墙。从构建上看，屯前有6关，屯后有3关，九关之间，各关有护墙相连随山势绵延十余里。
考古遗址发现，海龙屯的布局和结构都十分讲究风水，拥有中轴线，体现出华夏文化的重要概念。出土的器物上也呈现出汉文化与本土民族文化元素的交融，体现出中华文明多元一体的格局。
然而，明万历元年，杨应龙承袭了播州宣慰使，他自恃强盛，为人凶残、贪婪无度，最终引发了“平播之役”。明朝军队最终攻下海龙屯，杨应龙自缢身亡，曾经辉煌的海龙屯毁于战火，为后人留下了可供凭吊的古战场。
陈季君教授强调，海龙屯出土文物的历史价值极高，时间跨度较广，基本完整涵盖了宋、元、明、清四个朝代，能够最直观地体现古代遵义地区的开发历程和中原王朝与西南边远地区的互动关系。
海龙屯作为世界文化遗产，不仅是古代土司文化的重要遗存，也是中华文明多元一体的见证。其历史价值和文化价值值得我们深入研究和传承。
英语如下：
海龙屯：见证中原王朝与西南边陲互动
Headline:Hailongtun: Witnessing the Interaction Between the Central Dynasty and the Southwestern Frontier
Keywords: Hailongtun, interaction, witness
Content:
Hailongtun: Witnessing the Interaction Between the Central Dynasty and the SouthwesternFrontier
Guiyang, August 23 (CNS) – Hailongtun, located in Huichuan District, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, is one of the oldest, largest, and best-preserved indigenous castles in Southwest China. It is an important relic of the Yang family’s indigenous culture in Southwest Bozhou and a testament to the interaction between the Central Dynastyand the remote southwestern regions. As Guizhou’s first World Cultural Heritage site, what is the historical origin and precious value of Hailongtun? Chen Jijun, a professor at the History, Culture and Tourism College of ZunyiNormal University, recently accepted an interview with CNS’s “East and West” program on this topic.
Professor Chen Jijun pointed out that the Bozhou region, from its establishment in the Tang Dynasty to its abolition in the Ming Dynasty, was economically developed and prosperous due to its superior geographical environment and abundant resources. During the Southern Song Dynasty, Bozhou became a tributary state controlled by the Yang family. Hailongtun, with its unique geographical advantages, was included by the court as one of the “satellite castles” in the Southern Song Dynasty’s southwestern mountain city defense system.
From the time Yang Wen built Hailongtun to the rebellion of the last indigenous chieftain Yang Yinglong, Hailongtun was never used in warfare. Successive generations of Yang family officials “guarded the frontier” for the Central Dynasty, ensuring local peace. The thick city walls of Hailongtun extend for about 6 kilometers along the mountainside, with cliffson both sides, gates at the front and rear, and a government office in the center. Around the government office, another 504-meter-long city wall was built. In terms of construction, there are 6 gates in front of the fort and 3 gates in the back, with connecting wallsbetween the nine gates extending for more than ten miles along the mountainside.
Archaeological discoveries have revealed that the layout and structure of Hailongtun are carefully designed according to Feng Shui principles, with a central axis, reflecting important concepts of Chinese culture. The unearthed artifacts also exhibit a fusion of Han culture and local ethniccultural elements, reflecting the diverse and unified nature of Chinese civilization.
However, in the first year of the Wanli reign of the Ming Dynasty, Yang Yinglong inherited the title of Bozhou Xuanwei Shi (Military Governor). He became arrogant and ruthless, and his insatiable greed eventually led to the “Pingbo Campaign.” The Ming army eventually captured Hailongtun, and Yang Yinglong committed suicide. The once glorious Hailongtun was destroyed by fire, leaving behind an ancient battlefield for future generations to commemorate.
Professor Chen Jijun emphasized that the historical value of the unearthed artifacts from Hailongtun is extremely high. They spana wide range of time periods, covering the Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties, providing a direct reflection of the development process of ancient Zunyi and the interaction between the Central Dynasty and the remote southwestern regions.
As a World Cultural Heritage site, Hailongtun is not only an important relic of ancient indigenousculture but also a testament to the diverse and unified nature of Chinese civilization. Its historical and cultural value deserves our in-depth study and inheritance.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2024/08-23/10273814.shtml
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