##美拉阿根廷签署关键矿产协议，专家：美国企图打压中国
据美国彭博社报道，美国副国务卿费尔南德斯于本周访问阿根廷期间，与阿根廷政府签署了一项关键矿产领域的投资与贸易协议。该协议被认为是美国加强“把中国排除在外的”全球金属供应链努力的一部分。
美国政府近年来一直致力于减少对中国关键矿产的依赖，并试图建立一个排斥中国的“小圈子”。2022年6月，美国牵头成立了名为“矿产安全伙伴关系”(MSP)的联盟，成员包括澳大利亚、加拿大、芬兰、法国、德国、日本、韩国、瑞士、英国等14个国家和欧盟。该联盟旨在刺激政府和私营部门对矿产的投资，以减少对中国矿产的依赖。
阿根廷拥有丰富的铜和锂资源，目前只开采了其中一小部分。美国希望通过该协议，推动阿根廷与MSP成员国开展合作，并分享“更多阿根廷锂和铜开采机会的信息”。美国国务院称，阿根廷目前是全球第四大锂生产国，也是全球开发新的铜矿资源的领先国家之一。
然而，专家指出，美国在关键矿产领域建立“小圈子”的做法未必能得逞。中国是全球关键矿产供应链中无可争议的领导者，约占全球稀土矿产和材料产量的60%。即使签署了矿产协议，阿根廷仍然被排除在美国《通胀削减法》的优惠政策外，阿根廷也没有与美国签署自贸协定。
此外，阿根廷与中国有着深厚的经贸关系。中国是阿根廷的第二大贸易伙伴，仅次于邻国巴西。过去20年里，随着中国投资采矿、石油和天然气、金融及建筑行业，阿根廷对中国的出口增长了7倍。阿根廷总统米莱也承认中国的投资和贸易对阿根廷的未来至关重要。
中国社会科学院拉丁美洲研究所国际关系室副主任、研究员周志伟指出，美国拉拢阿根廷加入关键矿产“小圈子”，企图在关键矿产领域打压围堵中国。然而，中国在全球关键矿产供应链中占据着重要地位，美国很难将中国排除在外。
美国在关键矿产领域的“小圈子”策略能否取得成功，还有待观察。但可以肯定的是，美国试图打压中国的企图，最终只会损害全球供应链的稳定和发展。
英语如下：
##US and Argentina Form Alliance to Counter China in Critical Minerals
**Keywords:**US-Argentina cooperation, critical minerals, containing China
**News Content:**
The US and Argentina have signed an investment and trade agreement in the critical minerals sector, according to a report by Bloomberg. The deal is seen as part of theUS’s efforts to strengthen its global metal supply chain and “exclude China.”
The US government has been working to reduce its reliance on China for critical mineralsin recent years, attempting to build a “small circle” that excludes China. In June 2022, the US spearheaded the formation of the “Minerals Security Partnership” (MSP), which includes 14 countries and the EuropeanUnion, including Australia, Canada, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, South Korea, Switzerland, and the UK. The alliance aims to stimulate government and private sector investment in minerals to reduce dependence on China.
Argentina boasts abundant copper andlithium resources, with only a small portion currently being exploited. The US hopes to leverage the agreement to encourage cooperation between Argentina and MSP members, sharing “information on more Argentine lithium and copper mining opportunities.” The US State Department stated that Argentina is currently the world’s fourth-largest lithium producer and one of the leading countriesin developing new copper mining resources.
However, experts point out that the US’s strategy of building a “small circle” in the critical minerals sector may not be successful. China is the undisputed leader in the global critical minerals supply chain, accounting for approximately 60% of global rare earth mineral and material production. Even with the mineral agreement, Argentina remains excluded from the benefits of the US’s “Inflation Reduction Act,” and Argentina has not signed a free trade agreement with the US.
Furthermore, Argentina maintains deep economic and trade ties with China. China is Argentina’s second-largest trading partner, trailing only neighboring Brazil. Over the past 20 years, Argentina’s exports to China have increased sevenfold as China has invested in mining, oil and gas, finance, and construction sectors. Argentine President Milei has also acknowledged the importance of Chinese investment and trade for Argentina’s future.
Zhou Zhiwei, Deputy Director andResearcher of the International Relations Department at the Institute of Latin American Studies of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, pointed out that the US is trying to draw Argentina into its critical minerals “small circle” to suppress and contain China in the critical minerals sector. However, China holds a significant position in the global critical minerals supply chain, making it difficult for the US to exclude China.
The success of the US’s “small circle” strategy in the critical minerals sector remains to be seen. However, it is certain that the US’s attempt to suppress China will ultimately harm the stability and development of the global supply chain.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2024/08-23/10273393.shtml
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