##洱海水质提升 海菜花绽放“香飘”北上广
**中新网大理8月21日电 (缪超 董语飞)** 8月的云南大理，洱海湖面上，海菜花盛开，远看星星点点，宛若繁星坠水。这一被誉为“水中仙子”的水生植物，对生存环境的水质要求极高，被视为水质的“试金石”与“风向标”。近年来，随着洱海流域生态保护力度的加大，洱海水质不断提升，湖面陆续出现连片绽放的海菜花，也为洱海流域一些地区开展人工种植海菜花打下了基础。如今，海菜花作为美食，出现在北京、上海、广东等城市的餐桌之上，成为一道独特的“香飘”北上广的美味。
海菜花是水鳖科水车前属的一种沉水植物，为中国特有种，曾广泛分布于云南、贵州、广西等地的湖泊、河流和池塘中。然而，由于人类活动等影响，海菜花分布面积逐渐缩小，如今已被列入《世界自然保护联盟濒危物种红色名录》。
大理洱源海菜花产业研究基地负责人段从贵告诉记者，影响海菜花生长最重要的因素是光照，清澈透明的水体能保证自身光合作用顺利进行。“如果水质不够清澈，没有足够的光照穿透水面，海菜花自身的形态和生理特征不论怎么改变也难以生存。”这也正是海菜花被人们称作水质“试金石”的原因所在。
为了保护这一珍稀物种，野生海菜花被禁止采摘和食用。但在洱海流域，当地政府将人工种植海菜花作为绿色生态产业进行扶持和培育，并取得了显著成果。
在大理洱源县，当地人将海菜花的茎叶入菜，加上芋头、豆米等制成当地名菜——海菜芋头汤，汤汁鲜甜，滋味无穷。目前，洱源县已实现连片人工种植海菜花，种植面积达3000亩，总产量5400吨。每公斤海菜花均价6元，自从上海蔬菜集团购销后均价每公斤8元。
一直以来，海菜保鲜期短，不易运输，成为海菜产业发展的瓶颈。2023年7月，上海交通大学实现技术突破，将海菜保鲜期提升至12天。新技术正助力洱源县海菜产业向外发展，目前，洱源县人工种植的海菜花已远销北京、上海、广州等中国大中城市。
洱海水质的提升不仅让海菜花重新绽放，也为当地带来了新的经济增长点。海菜花产业的发展不仅为当地居民提供了就业机会，也为保护洱海生态环境做出了贡献。相信随着技术的不断进步和保护措施的完善，海菜花将继续“香飘”北上广，成为一道美味佳肴，也成为洱海生态环境改善的见证。
英语如下：
##Erhai’s Water Quality Improves, Blooming Water Hyacinth “Fragrances” North to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou
**Keywords:** Erhai Lake,Water Hyacinth, Water Quality
**Content:**
**Dali, Yunnan, August 21 (Xinhua)** – In August, the surface of Erhai Lake in Dali, Yunnan is adorned with blooming water hyacinths, resembling scattered stars falling into the water. This aquatic plant, known as the “waterfairy,” requires extremely high water quality for survival and is considered a “litmus test” and “weather vane” for water quality. In recent years, with the increasing efforts in ecological protection of the Erhai Lake basin, the water qualityof Erhai Lake has been steadily improving, resulting in the emergence of large-scale blooms of water hyacinths. This has also laid the foundation for some areas in the Erhai Lake basin to engage in artificial cultivation of water hyacinth. Now, as a delicacy, water hyacinth is appearing on dining tables in Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other cities, becoming a unique “fragrance” that drifts north to these major metropolises.
Water hyacinth, a submerged plant belonging to the genus Hydrocharis, is endemic to China. It wasonce widely distributed in lakes, rivers, and ponds in Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangxi, and other regions. However, due to human activities and other factors, the distribution area of water hyacinth has gradually shrunk, and it is now listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
Du Conggui, headof the Erhai Eryuan Water Hyacinth Industry Research Base, told reporters that the most important factor affecting the growth of water hyacinth is sunlight. Clear and transparent water bodies ensure that the plant’s photosynthesis can proceed smoothly. “If the water quality is not clear enough and there is not enough sunlight penetrating the watersurface, no matter how the morphology and physiological characteristics of the water hyacinth change, it will not be able to survive.” This is why water hyacinth is known as a “litmus test” for water quality.
To protect this rare species, wild water hyacinth is prohibited from being harvested and consumed. However, in the Erhai Lake basin, the local government has supported and nurtured the artificial cultivation of water hyacinth as a green ecological industry, achieving significant results.
In Eryuan County, Dali, locals use the stems and leaves of water hyacinth in dishes, combining them with taro, beans, and other ingredients tocreate a local specialty – water hyacinth and taro soup. The soup is sweet and flavorful. Currently, Eryuan County has achieved continuous artificial cultivation of water hyacinth, with a planting area of 3,000 mu (approximately 496 acres) and a total output of 5,400 tons. The average price of water hyacinth is 6 yuan per kilogram, and after being purchased by the Shanghai Vegetable Group, the average price has reached 8 yuan per kilogram.
For a long time, the short shelf life of water hyacinth and its difficulty in transportation have been bottlenecks in the development ofthe water hyacinth industry. In July 2023, Shanghai Jiao Tong University achieved a technological breakthrough, extending the shelf life of water hyacinth to 12 days. The new technology is helping Eryuan County’s water hyacinth industry expand outwards. Currently, water hyacinth cultivated in Eryuan Countyhas been sold to major cities in China, including Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou.
The improvement of Erhai Lake’s water quality has not only allowed water hyacinth to bloom again but has also brought new economic growth points to the region. The development of the water hyacinth industry has not only provided employment opportunitiesfor local residents but has also contributed to protecting the ecological environment of Erhai Lake. With continuous technological advancements and improved protection measures, water hyacinth will continue to “fragrances” north to Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou, and other cities, becoming a delicious dish and a testament to the improvement of Erhai Lake’s ecological environment.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/08-21/10272585.shtml
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