##福岛核电站首次尝试取出核燃料熔块，挑战“废堆最大难关”
**东京，2024年8月20日** – 13年多前，日本福岛第一核电站发生严重核事故，事故中融落的核燃料与周围结构物形成的核燃料熔块一直是“废堆最大难关”。如今，东京电力公司宣布，将于8月22日开始首次尝试性地从2号机组取出核燃料熔块。
据悉，此次尝试性计划将使用专门设计的装置，通过远程操作的方式，将熔块从安全壳底部取出。预计整个过程将耗时数天，并可能在下周以后才能将熔块从安全壳中取出。
东京电力公司表示，在8月16日，相关人员对取出装置进行了使用前检查，检查结果表明不存在任何安全问题，并获得了日本原子能管制委员会发放的合格证书。目前，工作人员正在现场进行最后的确认，确保作业顺利进行。
据估计，福岛第一核电站1号至3号机组内共有约880吨核燃料熔块，这些熔块持续释放出极强的辐射，作业人员难以靠近，因此成为“废堆最大难关”。此次尝试性取出熔块的行动，被视为福岛核电站“废堆”工作的重要里程碑。
然而，这项工作也面临着巨大的挑战。首先，熔块的形状和位置尚不清楚，取出过程存在一定风险。其次，熔块的放射性极高，作业人员需要采取严格的防护措施。此外，取出熔块后如何处理也是一个难题。
尽管如此，日本政府和东京电力公司仍然决心克服困难，尽快完成福岛核电站的“废堆”工作。此次尝试性取出熔块的行动，将为未来更复杂的“废堆”工作积累宝贵经验，为最终解决福岛核事故问题奠定基础。
英语如下：
##Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant: Removal of Fuel Debris Begins!
**Keywords:** Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant, fuel debris removal, nuclear accidentcleanup
**Tokyo, August 20, 2024** – Over 13 years after the devastating nuclear accident at Japan’s FukushimaDaiichi Nuclear Power Plant, the fuel debris, a mixture of melted nuclear fuel and surrounding structural materials, has remained the biggest hurdle in decommissioning the plant.Now, Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) has announced that it will begin its first attempt to remove the fuel debris from the Unit 2 reactor on August 22nd.
This initial attempt will utilize a specially designed device toremotely extract the debris from the bottom of the containment vessel. The entire process is expected to take several days, with the debris potentially being removed from the containment vessel sometime next week.
TEPCO confirmed that a pre-operational inspection of theremoval device was conducted on August 16th, revealing no safety concerns. The device has also been certified by the Nuclear Regulation Authority of Japan. Currently, personnel are conducting final checks on site to ensure a smooth operation.
It is estimated that approximately 880 tons of fuel debris are located within Units1, 2, and 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi plant. The debris continuously emits extremely high levels of radiation, making it impossible for personnel to approach, thus posing the biggest challenge to decommissioning the plant. This attempt to remove the fuel debris is seen as a significant milestone in the decommissioning process.
However, the task faces significant challenges. Firstly, the shape and location of the debris are still unknown, making the removal process inherently risky. Secondly, the debris is highly radioactive, requiring strict safety measures for personnel involved. Finally, the disposal of the removed debris remains a complex issue.
Despite these challenges, the Japanesegovernment and TEPCO remain committed to overcoming them and completing the decommissioning of the Fukushima Daiichi plant as quickly as possible. This initial attempt to remove the fuel debris will provide valuable experience for future, more complex decommissioning tasks, laying the foundation for a final resolution to the Fukushima nuclear accident.
【来源】https://nwapi.nhk.jp/nhkworld/rdnewsweb/v6b/zh/detail/20240820_ML10.json
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