中新网白城8月18日电 题：“鲜”到盐碱地 吉林西部“虾兵蟹将”有大作为
吉林省是中国耕地后备资源面积最大的省份，其中盐碱地等耕地后备资源总面积近680万亩，大部分分布在西部的白城、松原两市。中国科学院科研团队近年来致力于利用这些盐碱地进行特色农业的开发，小龙虾和河蟹养殖就是其中的一项重要尝试。
在大安灌区的一片水面上，40岁的盛隆每天驾船捕虾，日均出水2000多斤，这些小龙虾全部被送上省会长春的餐桌。盛隆自豪地说，他们的小龙虾个大品质好，供不应求。
中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所副研究员文波龙表示，盐碱地治理以往主要强调土壤改良和种植，但忽视了排水和水质的消纳与资源化利用。在白城地区，盐碱坑塘泡沼等自然水面资源丰富，新建大型灌区的引水、退水以及承接的降水，为小龙虾养殖提供了基本条件。此外，这里的小龙虾生长温度适宜，不受高温考验。
今年，文波龙在大安灌区海坨片区示范了1000多亩水面养殖小龙虾。从春季放苗到夏季捕捞，不到三个月，大的已经长到了二两重。初步的成功表明，盐碱地养殖小龙虾具有巨大的潜力。
盐碱地养殖小龙虾仍有许多问题需要突破，比如春季低温的影响和水质对小龙虾生长的影响。这些问题已经找到了技术方向，未来有望得到解决。
在白城镇赉，大闸蟹将在8月20日前后进入捕捞季。蟹农们正忙着给河蟹育肥，以使上市时有更好的体型和口感。葛俊是镇赉县河蟹养殖带头人，利用文波龙团队的养殖技术，河蟹本地化养殖已颇有规模。今年的大闸蟹产量预计有600万斤，相关产业综合产值可达6亿元。
盐碱水养蟹已经形成产业链，文波龙指出，必须提前考虑市场饱和的问题。正是基于这种考虑，以及有了螃蟹育种方面的经验储备，他们才开始尝试在盐碱水里养殖小龙虾。
这一系列尝试不仅为当地农民带来了新的增收途径，也为吉林西部地区的农业振兴注入了新的活力。随着技术的不断成熟和市场的不断拓展，吉林西部“虾兵蟹将”有望在盐碱地上大展宏图。
英语如下：
News Title: “Western Jilin Transforms Waste into Treasure with Shrimp and Crab Farming Leading to the Revitalization of Saline-alkali Lands”
Keywords: Saline-alkali land, Revitalization, Aquaculture
News Content:
CHINANEWS NETWORK Baicheng, Jilin, Aug. 18 — “Transforming Saline-alkali Lands into a Source of Freshness: Western Jilin’s Shrimp and Crab Farmers are Making a Big Splash”
Jilin Province, China, boasts the largest potential arable land resources in the country, with nearly 6.8 million acres of saline-alkali lands among these reserves, predominantly located in the western cities of Baicheng and Songyuan. A research team from the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been dedicated to developing unique agricultural practices on these saline-alkali lands. One significant endeavor in this effort is the cultivation of freshwater shrimp and crab.
At a water body in the Dayan Irrigation District, 40-year-old Shenglong spends his days fishing for shrimp aboard a boat, harvesting over 2,000 pounds daily, all of which are sent to the tables in the provincial capital, Changchun. Shenglong boasts that his shrimp are large and of high quality, with strong demand.
Wen Bo Long, a research fellow from the Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, stated that previous efforts to manage saline-alkali lands primarily focused on soil improvement and planting, neglecting drainage and the recycling of water resources. The area around Baicheng boasts abundant natural water surface resources such as ponds and swamps, and the new large irrigation districts provide the necessary conditions for shrimp farming, including water supply, drainage, and rainfall reception. Additionally, the suitable temperature for shrimp growth and the absence of extreme summer heat are advantageous.
This year, Wen Bo Long demonstrated the cultivation of 1,000 acres of shrimp in the Haotuo area of the Dayan Irrigation District. Within just three months from spring stocking to summer harvesting, the larger shrimp had grown to two ounces in weight. Initial success indicates the potential for significant growth in saline-alkali land shrimp farming.
Despite the promising prospects, there are still many challenges to overcome, such as the impact of spring low temperatures and the effects of water quality on shrimp growth. These issues have identified technical directions for future solutions.
In the town of Zhaili, Baicheng, giant freshwater crayfish will enter the fishing season around August 20. Farmers are busy fattening the crayfish to ensure they have better shapes and tastes when they hit the market. Guo Jun, the leading figure in crayfish farming in Zhaili County, has already established a substantial local crayfish farming operation using the aquaculture technology of Wen Bo Long’s team. The expected crayfish production this year is 6 million pounds, with a potential combined value of 600 million yuan for the related industries.
The cultivation of crayfish in saline-alkali water has formed a complete industrial chain. Wen Bo Long pointed out that market saturation must be considered ahead of time. It was precisely this consideration, combined with experience in crab breeding, that led them to try shrimp farming in saline-alkali water.
These efforts not only provide local farmers with new avenues for income growth but also inject new vitality into the agricultural revitalization of western Jilin. With ongoing technological advancements and market expansion, the “shrimp and crab soldiers” of western Jilin are poised to make a significant impact on the saline-alkali lands.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2024/08-18/10270680.shtml
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