中新社成都8月14日电 题：为何古人要开辟“难于上青天”的蜀道？ ——专访四川博物院副院长谢丹
“噫吁嚱，危乎高哉！蜀道之难，难于上青天！”由天梯和石栈构成的古老蜀道，跨越了巍峨的秦巴山脉，数千年来连接着巴蜀大地与关中平原。蜀道是中国交通史上的奇迹，在中国古人生存、迁徙、贸易、征战、交流中，扮演着无可替代的角色。
7月28日，四川博物院“雄关古道 经纬中华——大蜀道上的天地人与中国精神”特展在成都开展。蜀道由何人所开？开辟过程历经怎样的艰辛？为何称蜀道是“半部中华史”？蜀道对于中国古代的国家统一、民族交融、经济发展和对外交流起到了什么作用？日前，四川博物院副院长谢丹接受中新社“东西问”专访，就上述问题予以解答。
谢丹表示，蜀道是一个由多条道路组成的庞大交通网络，是古人为了联系沟通，修筑的一条条穿越秦巴山脉的通道。蜀道的开辟，是在秦巴山脉天然谷道的基础上形成的，最早可追溯至西周时期形成的故道。到战国晚期，秦人开始大规模创修蜀道，将褒斜道的山谷道路凿筑为栈道，发展与巴蜀的往来交通。同一时期，蜀国也大力拓展金牛道，改善其形制和路况。这样一来，褒斜道和金牛道在汉中相接，打通了从关中平原到四川盆地的交通线路。后来，古人又开辟、改善了多条连接关中与蜀地的道路。经过千年发展，蜀道形成了前述格局。
谢丹强调，蜀道不仅是古代交通的要道，也是中华文明交流的重要通道。从秦汉时期开始，蜀道就是连接中原与西南地区的重要通道，对于中国古代的国家统一、民族交融、经济发展和对外交流起到了重要作用。蜀道见证了从秦汉到唐宋再到明清的历史变迁，是“半部中华史”的缩影。
谢丹认为，蜀道的开辟，不仅体现了古代劳动人民的智慧和创造力，也反映了古代国家治理和社会发展的水平。蜀道上的每一座桥梁、每一道栈道，都是古代工匠精神的体现，也是中华民族智慧的结晶。蜀道的历史，是一部关于中华民族团结奋斗、不断进取的历史。
英语如下：
News Title: “The Difficult Road to Sichuan: Why Did Ancient People Create Impenetrable Passes?”
Keywords: Sichuan Road, Opening, Difficult to Climb
News Content:
CGTN Chengdu, Aug. 14th (CNS) — Question: Why did ancient people create the “difficult to climb” Sichuan Road? — Interview with Xie Dan, Vice President of Sichuan Museum
“Ah, how perilous and towering! The difficulty of the Sichuan Road, more difficult than ascending to the blue sky!” The ancient Sichuan Road, composed of ladders and stone bridges, traverses the majestic Qinba Mountains, connecting the Bashu land and the Guanzhong plain through thousands of years. The Sichuan Road is a marvel in China’s transportation history, playing an irreplaceable role in the ancient Chinese people’s survival, migration, trade, warfare, and exchanges.
On July 28th, the special exhibition “Valiant Passes Ancient Roads, Weaving the Heavens and Earth into the Chinese Spirit — The Sichuan Great Road” opened in Chengdu. Who opened the Sichuan Road? What hardships did the opening process endure? Why is the Sichuan Road called “half of Chinese history”? What roles did the Sichuan Road play in the ancient Chinese state unification, ethnic blending, economic development, and foreign exchanges? Recently, Xie Dan, Vice President of Sichuan Museum, accepted an interview with CNS’s “East-West Question” to answer these questions.
Xie Dan said that the Sichuan Road is a vast transportation network consisting of multiple roads, a series of passages that the ancients built to communicate across the Qinba Mountains. The opening of the Sichuan Road was formed on the basis of the natural gorges of the Qinba Mountains, with origins tracing back to the old road formed during the Western Zhou period. By the late Warring States period, the Qin people began to extensively construct the Sichuan Road, transforming the mountain valley roads of the Baxi and Xiaohe valleys into wooden bridges and improving the transportation between Bashu. At the same time, the State of Shu also vigorously expanded the Qinling Road, improving its structure and road conditions. This way, the Baxi and Qinling roads connected in Hanzhong, opening up a transportation route from the Guanzhong plain to the Sichuan Basin. Later, the ancients opened and improved many roads connecting Guanzhong and Sichuan. After a thousand years of development, the Sichuan Road formed the aforementioned pattern.
Xie Dan emphasized that the Sichuan Road was not only an important passage for ancient transportation but also an important channel for the cultural exchanges of Chinese civilization. Since the Qin and Han dynasties, the Sichuan Road has been an important passage linking the Central Plains with the southwest regions, playing a significant role in the ancient Chinese state unification, ethnic blending, economic development, and foreign exchanges. The Sichuan Road has witnessed the historical changes from the Qin and Han dynasties to the Tang and Song dynasties, and then to the Ming and Qing dynasties, serving as a microcosm of “half of Chinese history.”
Xie Dan believes that the opening of the Sichuan Road not only reflects the wisdom and creativity of ancient working people but also shows the level of ancient state governance and social development. Every bridge and every wooden bridge on the Sichuan Road embodies the spirit of ancient craftsmen and is the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese nation. The history of the Sichuan Road is a story of the unity, struggle, and continuous progress of the Chinese nation.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2024/08-14/10268930.shtml
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