中新社武汉8月12日电 (马芙蓉 王思琪)中美科研人员联合开展的最新研究发现，全球约40%的城市和城市站点表现出城市化显著加剧极端干旱的情况。相关成果近日发表于《自然·城市》。
论文通讯作者之一、中国地质大学(武汉)国家地理信息系统工程技术研究中心主任陈能成12日表示，在城市不断扩展背景下，上述发现将增强对城市化在局地干旱发生发展过程中作用的理解，为城市干旱的防灾减灾及城市可持续发展提供理论支撑。
为揭示局地干旱与城市化的关联，陈能成团队联合武汉大学、美国德州大学奥斯汀分校、美国西北大学等高校学者，结合全球历史观测数据、高分辨率模型模拟及未来情景预测数据，全面系统分析了全球城市化对局地干旱的影响。
“相较于中低强度的干旱，极端干旱在城市化下受到更显著的影响。”陈能成介绍，研究发现，全球约40%的城市和城市站点表现出城市化显著加剧极端干旱的情况，尤以中国东部、美国西部、印度和南非等地分布较为广泛，以大型城市和植被覆盖相对较少的城市更为显著。
该团队深入探讨发现，城市区域愈加干燥和高温的环境，极大地促进了对局地干旱的加剧。从无城市化到高度城市化的转变，导致极端干旱严重程度增加了3%至9%。此研究还预计，未来30年，全球大多数区域的干旱情况会加剧。
陈能成表示，研究发现，增加城市植被面积有助于缓解局地干旱效应加剧，“这提示我们在今后城市可持续发展目标实现过程中，要重视城市热岛、城市干岛等城市化现象与干旱之间的互馈，发挥城市绿地的调节作用，同时建设灵活可靠的城市供水系统。”
这一研究对于全球范围内的城市规划者和政策制定者具有重要启示，即在快速城市化的过程中，需要采取有效措施来应对局地干旱的加剧，以确保城市环境的可持续发展和人类生活的质量。
英语如下：
Title: “Forty Percent of Cities Affected: Global Urbanization Exacerbates Extreme Droughts”
Keywords: Urbanization, Drought Impacts, Joint Study
Content:
HOHAI, China, Aug. 12 (Xinhua) — A latest study jointly conducted by U.S. and Chinese researchers has found that about 40 percent of global cities and urban sites show that urbanization significantly exacerbates extreme drought conditions. The findings were recently published in “Nature Cities.”
One of the paper’s corresponding authors, Chen Nengcheng, director of the National Engineering Technology Research Center for Geographic Information System at China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), said on Tuesday that the discovery will enhance understanding of the role of urbanization in the development and occurrence of local droughts, providing theoretical support for disaster prevention and mitigation and sustainable urban development in the face of droughts.
To uncover the link between local droughts and urbanization, Chen’s team, in collaboration with scholars from Wuhan University, the University of Texas at Austin, and Northwestern University in the United States, conducted a comprehensive and systematic analysis of the impact of global urbanization on local droughts using historical observation data, high-resolution model simulations, and future scenario prediction data.
Chen explained that extreme droughts are more significantly affected by urbanization than medium to low intensity droughts. The study found that about 40 percent of global cities and urban sites show that urbanization significantly exacerbates extreme drought conditions, with widespread distribution in areas such as eastern China, western United States, India, and South Africa, and more pronounced in large cities and areas with less vegetation coverage.
The team’s in-depth exploration found that increasingly dry and hot environments in urban areas greatly promote the exacerbation of local droughts. The transition from no urbanization to high urbanization has increased the severity of extreme droughts by 3 to 9 percent. The study also predicts that the drought situation in most global regions will worsen over the next 30 years.
Chen noted that increasing urban green areas can help alleviate the exacerbation of local drought effects. “This suggests that we need to pay attention to the mutual feedback between urbanization phenomena such as urban heat islands and droughts, and the regulating role of urban green spaces, as well as to build flexible and reliable urban water supply systems in the pursuit of sustainable urban development in the future.”
This study provides important insights for urban planners and policymakers worldwide, indicating the need to take effective measures to address the exacerbation of local droughts during the rapid urbanization process to ensure the sustainable development of urban environments and the quality of human life.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2024/08-12/10267818.shtml
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