近年来，俄罗斯在乌克兰冲突中多次遭受后方机场的袭击，导致多架战机受损。据路透社报道，乌军在8月3日轰炸了南部莫罗佐夫斯克机场，导致3架苏-34战机受损。此外，《乌克兰真理报》还提到，在俄北部奥列尼亚空军基地，一架图-22M3战略轰炸机被乌无人机击中。更早之前，俄军苏-57隐身战机也遭遇袭击。
这些事件引发了对现代机场反空袭能力的热议。1967年的“六日战争”给世界留下了深刻的教训，以色列空军在战争首日对埃及空军基地的突袭造成了巨大损失，主要是因为埃及忽视了机场防空能力。
战争结束后，各国开始加强机场的防御措施，包括建设强化型机库、分散跑道布局、地下油库和弹药库等。目前，欧美大型空军基地通常有三至四条交错配置的主跑道，以防止单一打击导致机场瘫痪。
然而，随着重型钻地弹的出现，强化型机库的保护能力受到挑战。例如，在海湾战争中，伊拉克空军的飞机掩体被美军精确制导炸弹摧毁。
尽管有这些教训，俄罗斯仍采用露天停放和强化机库的部署方式。俄方认为，由于掌握着国土制空权，且机场位于远离前线的后方，北约的远程导弹难以威胁到。但2022年12月，恩格斯空军基地遭受乌军无人机的袭击，显示了俄方的自信可能过于乐观。乌军无人机由远程侦察机改装，能够飞达俄军机场，造成了一定的损失。
此次袭击表明，俄罗斯需要重新评估其机场防御策略，以应对现代战争中的空袭威胁。加强机场防御，包括提高预警能力、改进跑道布局和机库设计，以及考虑使用更先进的防空系统，是当前俄罗斯需要考虑的重要问题。
英语如下：
News Title: Russian Military Airfields Frequently Targeted, How to Solve the Anti-Aircraft Attack Puzzle?
Keywords: Russian military airfields, anti-aircraft attack, frequent attacks
News Content: In recent years, Russian military airfields have been repeatedly targeted in the conflict with Ukraine, resulting in significant damage to numerous aircraft. According to Reuters, on August 3, Ukrainian forces bombed the Morozovsk airfield in the south, causing damage to three Su-34 fighters. Additionally, the Ukrainian Truth reported that a Tu-22M3 strategic bomber at the Oryol air base in the north was hit by a Ukrainian drone. Earlier, Russian Su-57 stealth fighters were also targeted.
These incidents have sparked discussions on the modern capabilities of airfields to defend against air strikes. The 1967 “Six-Day War” left a profound lesson for the world, as Israel’s Air Force’s surprise attack on Egyptian air bases on the first day of the war caused heavy losses, mainly due to Egypt’s neglect of airport defense capabilities.
After the war, countries began to strengthen their airfield defenses, including the construction of reinforced hangars, dispersed runway layouts, underground fuel and ammunition storage facilities, etc. Currently, large European and American air bases typically have three to four main runways configured in a staggered pattern to prevent a single attack from causing the airfield to be paralyzed.
However, with the emergence of heavy penetrating bombs, the protective capabilities of reinforced hangars are challenged. For example, during the Gulf War, Iraqi Air Force hangars were destroyed by US precision-guided bombs.
Despite these lessons, Russia continues to use open parking and reinforced hangar deployment methods. The Russian side believes that due to its mastery of air superiority over its territory and the location of the airfields far from the front lines, NATO’s long-range missiles are unlikely to pose a threat. However, in December 2022, the Engels air base was attacked by Ukrainian drones, indicating that Russia’s confidence may be overly optimistic. The Ukrainian drones, which were modified from long-range reconnaissance aircraft, were able to reach Russian airfields, causing some damage.
This attack demonstrates that Russia needs to reassess its airfield defense strategy to counter the aerial threats of modern warfare. Strengthening airfield defense, including improving early warning capabilities, refining runway and hangar designs, and considering the use of more advanced anti-aircraft systems, are important issues that Russia needs to address.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2024/08-12/10267620.shtml
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