中新网拉萨7月31日电 (记者 孙自法)中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所(成都山地所)王小丹研究员透露，该所西藏生态环境与发展研究团队最新完成的“西藏自治区生态状况变化评估(2000-2020)”显示，这20年间，西藏生态保护取得显著效益，目前仍然是世界上生态环境质量最好的地区之一。
王小丹研究员表示，西藏生态保护效益显著，主要体现为气候暖湿化和生态工程正向促进效应互相叠加。西藏生态系统结构整体稳定，主要表现为自然生态系统占比达到90%以上，保持生态系统原真性；生态格局变化率低于1%，远低于全国其他地区。同时，西藏生态系统服务稳中有增，固碳、水源涵养、土壤保持和防风固沙等关键功能维持稳定或提升2%至5%，野生动植物种群恢复性增长，生态安全屏障功能有效维持。
王小丹还通过10方面具体指标介绍科技支撑西藏生态安全屏障建设取得的积极进展：森林方面，西藏全区森林覆盖率12.31%，森林蓄积量22.8亿立方米，实现森林面积和蓄积量双增；草地方面，草原综合植被盖度达47%；湿地方面，66%的天然湿地得到有效保护；沙化治理方面，沙化面积较2010年减少3.5万公顷；国土空间管控方面，50%以上的国土面积纳入生态保护红线范围；自然保护区方面，各类自然保护区总面积41.23万平方公里，占全区国土面积的三分之一以上；空气质量方面，主要城镇环境空气质量平均优良率保持在95%以上，沙尘天气大幅减少；水质方面，主要河流、湖泊水质达到或优于国家Ⅲ类标准；土壤方面，土壤环境总体处于自然本底状态，大部分耕地土壤重金属元素含量优于国家一级土壤标准；生态富民方面，通过参与生态工程和生态补偿等渠道，增加农牧民收入。
王小丹指出，作为“地球第三极”和“亚洲水塔”，青藏高原对中国乃至全球气候变化和生态环境影响巨大且深远，同时，其高寒生态环境极其脆弱，生态安全屏障的建设对于维护国家生态安全和促进区域可持续发展具有重要意义。
中国科学院近日组织开展“科技支撑西藏生态安全屏障建设”主题采访活动，王小丹代表研究团队介绍相关情况时作上述表示。此次评估结果进一步证明了西藏生态环境保护取得的成效，也为未来的生态环境保护和可持续发展提供了科学依据和决策支持。
英语如下：
News Title: Tibet Leads Global in Environmental Quality
Keywords: Tibet, Environment, Best
News Content:
(Reuters) – A research team led by Wang Xiaodan, a researcher from the Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Water Resources in Chengdu, has released a report titled “Assessment of the Change in the Ecological Status of the Tibet Autonomous Region (2000-2020),” indicating that over the past two decades, Tibet has achieved significant benefits in ecological protection and remains one of the best regions in the world in terms of environmental quality.
Wang Xiaodan, the researcher, stated that the significant ecological protection benefits in Tibet can be mainly attributed to the positive synergy between climate warming and wetting and ecological engineering promotion. The overall structure of the Tibetan ecosystem is stable, with natural ecosystems accounting for more than 90% and maintaining the authenticity of the ecosystem; the rate of ecological pattern change is less than 1%, significantly lower than in other parts of the country. Additionally, the ecosystem services in Tibet have been stable and have increased, with key functions such as carbon sequestration, water conservation, soil conservation, and sand control maintaining stability or improving by 2% to 5%. Wildlife and plant populations are recovering, and the ecological security barrier function is effectively maintained.
Wang Xiaodan also introduced the positive progress in the construction of the ecological security barrier in Tibet through ten specific indicators: forestry, with a forest coverage rate of 12.31% and forest stock volume of 22.8 billion cubic meters in the whole region; grassland, with a comprehensive vegetation coverage of 47%; wetlands, with 66% of natural wetlands effectively protected; desertification control, with a reduction of 35,000 hectares of desertified land since 2010; land space control, with more than 50% of the land area included within the ecological protection red line; nature reserves, with a total area of 4.123 million square kilometers, accounting for more than a third of the region’s total land area; air quality, with the average excellent rate of environmental air quality in major towns maintained at over 95%; water quality, with main rivers and lakes meeting or exceeding Class III national standards; soil, with the overall soil environment in a natural state and most farmland soils having a lower level of heavy metal elements than the national first-grade soil standard; and ecological prosperity, with rural residents’ incomes increased through participation in ecological projects and ecological compensation.
Wang Xiaodan pointed out that as the “Third Pole of the Earth” and the “Asian Water Tower,” the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has a significant and far-reaching impact on China’s and global climate change and environmental protection. However, its high-altitude and cold environment is extremely fragile, and the construction of an ecological security barrier is crucial for maintaining national ecological security and promoting regional sustainable development.
The Chinese Academy of Sciences recently organized a thematic interview activity on “Scientific Support for the Construction of the Ecological Security Barrier in Tibet,” during which Wang Xiaodan represented the research team and made the above statement. The results of this assessment further prove the effectiveness of Tibet’s ecological protection efforts and provide scientific evidence and decision-support for future environmental protection and sustainable development.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/07-31/10261116.shtml
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