国家卫生健康委和中医药管理局近日联合发布三个新的诊疗方案，以更新和优化对麻疹、登革热和人感染禽流感的治疗和预防措施。这三个方案是在多学科专家的指导下，结合国内外最新研究进展和临床经验，对原有方案进行修订而成的。
新版麻疹诊疗方案指出，麻疹是由麻疹病毒引起的急性出疹性呼吸道传染病，主要通过呼吸道飞沫和气溶胶传播。患者在出疹后5天具有传染性，对于有并发症的患者，隔离时间应延长至出疹后10天。预防麻疹的主要措施是接种麻疹疫苗，对于未接种过麻疹疫苗的密切接触者，应在72小时内接种疫苗以提供免疫保护。
新修订的登革热诊疗方案提到，登革热主要通过伊蚊叮咬传播，在全球热带和亚热带地区广泛流行。我国虽然尚未形成稳定的登革热本地传播疫源地，但输入性病例时有发生。登革热的治疗原则是早发现、早诊断、早治疗，目前还没有有效抗病毒治疗药物。预防措施包括防蚊灭蚊，切断传播途径。
新版人感染禽流感诊疗方案指出，人感染禽流感全年均可发生，冬春季多发。传染源主要是病、死禽和携带禽流感病毒的健康禽类。人感染禽流感临床表现因感染不同亚型禽流感病毒而异，重症病例进展迅速。治疗原则是早发现、早诊断、早治疗，目前没有特效抗病毒治疗药物。
这三个新版诊疗方案的发布，将进一步指导医疗机构和医务人员对相关传染病的诊疗和防控工作，提高患者的治愈率和生存率，降低疾病的传播风险。同时，公众也应提高对传染病的认识，采取有效的预防措施，如接种疫苗、防蚊灭蚊等，以保护自身健康。
英语如下：
News Title: “Ministry of Health and Health Commission Publishes New Version of Infectious Disease Treatment Plan”
Keywords: Treatment Plan, Measles, Dengue Fever, Vaccination
News Content: The National Health Commission (NHC) and the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine (SATCM) have jointly released three new treatment plans recently to update and optimize measures for the prevention and treatment of measles, dengue fever, and human infection with avian influenza. These plans were formulated under the guidance of multidisciplinary experts, drawing on the latest research advances both domestically and internationally, as well as clinical experience, based on the revision of the original plans.
The new measles treatment plan states that measles is an acute infectious disease with a rash, caused by the measles virus, primarily transmitted through respiratory droplets and aerosols. Patients are contagious for the five days following the appearance of the rash, and for patients with complications, the isolation period should be extended to 10 days after the rash appears. The main preventive measure for measles is vaccination against the measles virus. For close contacts who have not been vaccinated against measles, vaccination should be administered within 72 hours to provide immune protection.
The newly revised dengue fever treatment plan mentions that dengue fever is transmitted through the bite of Aedes mosquitoes and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. Although China has not yet formed a stable endemic area for dengue fever, imported cases occur occasionally. The principle of treatment for dengue fever is early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, with no effective antiviral treatment currently available. Preventive measures include mosquito control and the elimination of mosquito breeding sites to cut off the transmission route.
The new treatment plan for human infection with avian influenza states that human infection with avian influenza can occur throughout the year, with a higher incidence in winter and spring. The main sources of infection are sick or dead poultry and healthy poultry carrying the avian influenza virus. The clinical manifestations of human infection with avian influenza vary depending on the subtype of the virus, with severe cases progressing rapidly. The principle of treatment is early detection, early diagnosis, and early treatment, with no specific antiviral treatment currently available.
The release of these three new treatment plans will further guide medical institutions and medical personnel in the treatment and prevention of related infectious diseases, improve patient recovery rates and survival rates, and reduce the risk of disease transmission. At the same time, the public should enhance their awareness of infectious diseases and take effective preventive measures, such as vaccination and mosquito control, to protect their health.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/07-31/10260643.shtml
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