中国银行业开启新一轮存款“降息”，六大国有银行集体宣布下调存款挂牌利率，随后全国性股份制银行也陆续跟进，开启了一轮新的存款利率下调潮。截至7月29日，18家全国性银行都已执行了存款“降息”政策。
这一轮“降息”中，五大国有银行五年期整存整取年利率均从2%下调至1.8%，这意味着六大行的存款利率正式告别了“2字头”。全国性股份制银行虽然跟进“降息”，但仍有部分产品利率保持在2%以上。
招商银行各期限存款利率与国有大行保持一致，而其他11家股份制银行的一年期定存挂牌利率均为1.55%，其他期限的利率则有所分化，集中在1.55%至2.1%的区间内。
银行业调降存款利率的节奏通常是由国有大行先行动，随后全国性股份制银行跟进，地方中小银行紧随其后。今年4月的一轮中小银行下调存款利率，正是去年国有大行下调存款挂牌利率的延续。
光大银行金融市场部宏观研究员周茂华表示，中小银行密集下调存款利率的原因包括居民储蓄快速增长和银行净息差压力增大。他强调，合理降低存款利率有助于减轻负债成本压力。
存贷款利息差是中国银行的主要收入来源，但2023年以来，银行业通过下调新发放贷款利率、存量房贷按揭利率调整等方式持续让利实体经济，导致息差空间收窄。截至2023年末，中国商业银行净息差下降至1.69%，首次跌破1.7%关口。
业内专家表示，虽然银行业在负债端面临存款定期化、长期化趋势，以及存款利率下调后的效果需随存量存款重定价逐步显现，但通过违规手工补息揽存等因素影响，负债成本降幅明显小于资产收益降幅。
权威人士透露，监管部门针对违规手工补息情况进行了整改，有效减少了利息支出，接近一次降低存款利率的效果。多家全国性银行反映，违规手工补息整改后，其6月的存款付息率，特别是对公存款付息率有所下降。
此次存款“降息”预计将影响银行盈利能力和市场竞争格局，同时也为消费者提供了更多的储蓄选择，有助于促进消费和投资。
英语如下：
News Title: China’s Banks Begin New Round of Deposit Rate Cuts, Big Five Exiting “20% Club”
Keywords: Interest Rate Cut, Banking, Adjustment
News Content: China’s banking sector has launched a new round of deposit “interest rate cuts,” with the six major state-owned banks collectively announcing a reduction in the quoted deposit rates. Subsequently, nationwide joint-stock banks also followed suit, initiating a new wave of cuts in deposit rates. As of July 29, 18 nationwide banks have implemented the deposit “interest rate cut” policy.
In this round of “interest rate cuts,” the five major state-owned banks have lowered the annual interest rates for five-year lump-sum deposits from 2% to 1.8%, marking the formal exit of the “20% club” for the rates of the six major banks. While nationwide joint-stock banks have followed the “interest rate cuts,” some products still maintain rates above 2%.
Bank of China’s deposit rates across different terms are consistent with those of the major state-owned banks, while the one-year fixed deposit rates for the other 11 joint-stock banks are all 1.55%. Other terms have varied rates, clustered within the range of 1.55% to 2.1%.
The rhythm of adjusting deposit rates in the banking industry typically begins with the major state-owned banks, followed by nationwide joint-stock banks, and then local small and medium-sized banks. The round of cuts in deposit rates by small banks in April this year was a continuation of the rate cuts announced by the major state-owned banks last year.
Zhou Mowan, a macroeconomic researcher at the Financial Markets Department of China’s Guangfa Bank, said that the reasons for the intensive deposit rate cuts by small banks include the rapid growth of household savings and increased pressure on net interest margins. He emphasized that a reasonable reduction in deposit rates can help alleviate the pressure on the cost of liabilities.
The interest on deposits and loans is the main source of income for Chinese banks, but since 2023, the banking industry has continuously provided benefits to the real economy by reducing the interest rates on new loans and adjusting the mortgage interest rates on existing loans, leading to a narrowing of the interest margin. By the end of 2023, the net interest margin of China’s commercial banks had dropped to 1.69%, falling below the 1.7% threshold for the first time.
Industry experts said that although the banking industry faces a trend of regular and long-term deposits and the effects of the deposit rate cuts after the existing deposits are repriced, the reduction in the cost of liabilities is significantly less than the decrease in asset returns, influenced by factors such as illegal manual compensation for deposits.
A authoritative source revealed that the regulatory authorities have rectified the situation of illegal manual compensation for deposits, effectively reducing interest expenses, which is close to the effect of a single deposit rate cut. Several nationwide banks have reported that after the rectification of illegal manual compensation for deposits, their deposit interest rates in June, especially those for corporate deposits, have decreased.
This round of deposit “interest rate cuts” is expected to affect banks’ profitability and the competitive landscape, while also providing consumers with more savings options, helping to promote consumption and investment.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2024/07-29/10259661.shtml
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