在党的二十届三中全会提出的构建全国统一大市场和完善市场经济基础制度的背景下，全国统一电力市场的建设正进入“加速期”。这一市场的建设旨在通过优化资源配置，推动电力交易的市场化进程，以更好地适应电力需求的实时变化。当前，电力现货市场已经覆盖了全国80%以上的地区，其中山西、广西、山东等地的现货市场已进入正式运行阶段。
#### 安全充裕与清洁低碳并行
在广东广州，电力现货交易的活跃度在中午12点达到高峰，体现了电力供需的实时互动。通过南方区域的电力市场，广东等地的用电负荷与云南、贵州等地的水电、新能源发电形成互补，有效缓解了电力供需矛盾，确保了电力供应的平稳和安全。这一模式不仅体现了电力资源在更大范围内的优化配置，还促进了电力生产供应的绿色化转型。
#### 破解新能源消纳难题
随着新能源发电装机规模的不断扩大，如何有效消纳新能源成为电力系统面临的重要挑战。国内电力现货市场的运行正在探索解决方案。例如，山东地区通过电力现货市场引导用户消纳新能源，实现了电力资源的高效利用。同时，抽水蓄能电站的加入，利用光伏风电等新能源发电高峰时段的电能进行抽水蓄能，再在用电高峰时段放水发电，有效提高了电力系统的灵活性和稳定性。
#### 用户侧价格机制激发市场活力
电力市场的活跃不仅限于发电侧和电网侧，用户侧的价格机制也正在激发市场活力。无论是新能源车主通过电力市场优化充电策略，还是工商业用户通过参与电力交易降低成本，都体现了电力市场对用户需求的响应和适应。建立健全可再生能源消纳配额制和绿证交易制度，不仅促进了新能源的消纳，也使得新能源的环境价值得到充分体现。
### 结论
全国统一电力市场的建设提速，不仅加强了电力资源的优化配置，还促进了电力生产供应的绿色化转型。通过电力现货市场的运行，有效解决了新能源消纳难题，激发了用户侧的参与热情，推动了电力市场的经济高效发展。这一系列措施为构建更加安全、清洁、经济的电力系统提供了有力支撑，为实现双碳目标和推动能源革命奠定了坚实基础。
英语如下：
### Accelerated Construction of National Electricity Markets, Promoting Green, Low-Carbon Economies
Against the backdrop of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China’s call for the establishment of a national unified market and the improvement of the basic system of the market economy, the development of a national unified electricity market is entering a phase of rapid acceleration. The goal of this market development is to optimize resource allocation, drive the process of market-oriented electricity transactions, and better adapt to the real-time changes in electricity demand.
Currently, electricity spot markets have been established in over 80% of the country’s regions, with the spot markets in regions such as Shanxi, Guangxi, and Shandong entering their formal operation phase.
#### Safety, Abundance, and Clean, Low-Carbon Integration
In Guangzhou, the hub of electricity trading, the activity peaks around noon, reflecting the real-time interaction between electricity supply and demand. Through the Southern Power Grid, the electricity load in Guangdong and other areas is complemented by hydroelectric and new energy power generation in regions like Yunnan and Guizhou, effectively alleviating the contradiction between electricity supply and demand and ensuring a stable and safe power supply. This model not only demonstrates the optimization of power resource allocation on a larger scale but also promotes the green transformation of power production and supply.
#### Overcoming the Challenge of Renewable Energy Absorption
With the continuous expansion of renewable energy generation capacity, how to effectively absorb renewable energy has become a significant challenge for the power system. The operation of the domestic electricity spot market is exploring solutions. For example, in Shandong, the electricity spot market guides users to consume renewable energy, achieving the efficient utilization of power resources. Meanwhile, the addition of pumped storage power plants allows for energy storage during peak periods of photovoltaic and wind power generation, and the release of water for power generation during peak demand periods, effectively enhancing the flexibility and stability of the power system.
#### Empowering the Market with User-Side Pricing Mechanisms
The vitality of the market is not limited to the generation and grid sides; user-side pricing mechanisms are also stimulating market activity. Whether it’s electric vehicle owners optimizing their charging strategies through the market or industrial and commercial users reducing costs by participating in electricity transactions, these actions reflect the market’s responsiveness and adaptation to user needs. The establishment of a robust renewable energy consumption quota system and green certificate trading system not only promotes the absorption of renewable energy but also ensures that the environmental value of renewable energy is fully realized.
### Conclusion
The acceleration in the construction of a national unified electricity market is not only enhancing the optimization of power resource allocation but also driving the green transformation of power production and supply. Through the operation of the electricity spot market, the market has effectively addressed the challenge of renewable energy absorption, stimulated the enthusiasm of the user side, and propelled the economic and efficient development of the power market. These measures provide strong support for the construction of a more secure, clean, and economical power system, laying a solid foundation for achieving the dual carbon targets and driving energy reform.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/cj/2024/07-28/10258799.shtml
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