在拉萨举行的一场学术研讨会上，西藏自治区社科院宗教所助理研究员更藏卓玛提出，西藏关公信仰的流传反映了历史上汉藏文化交流的深度和广度。这一观点基于对西藏关帝庙分布、关公信仰在楚布寺的流传以及其在民间的广泛影响的深入研究。
关公，作为三国时期的著名武将，其在后世受到儒、释、道的共同尊崇，并被视为佛教的“迦蓝护法”。在西藏，现有十余座关帝庙，主要分布在拉萨、山南和日喀则等地。更藏卓玛的研究指出，关公信仰的传入西藏可以追溯至明朝永乐年间，当时楚布寺第五世噶玛巴德银协巴应明成祖的招请前往中原，并在返回西藏时将关公信仰带入楚布寺，这一信仰随后在当地流传。
在楚布寺，关公不仅受到供奉，其形象在壁画中也得以展现。此外，关公被供奉为护法神，有专门的供职僧人每日颂文祭祀。五世噶玛巴德银协巴还将其寺院后面不远处的山赐为关公驻锡之地，成为当地农牧民的主供神山。当地牧民相信，关公能带来好运，保护村民免受邪恶势力的侵害。
更藏卓玛认为，关公信仰作为汉文化圈普遍的文化现象，其传入西藏并流传至今，是西藏人民对其所代表的忠义、正直、勇猛等文化要义的认同与接纳，也是中原地区与西藏文化交流和融合的结果。这不仅是汉藏文化交流的生动例证，也体现了中华民族作为命运共同体，在共同的价值认同、信仰和文化认同下，不同文化形态的交融与共存。
这一研究成果不仅丰富了西藏地区宗教文化的研究，也为理解汉藏文化交流的历史深度和广度提供了新的视角。通过关公信仰的传播，我们可以看到不同文化在交流中相互影响、融合的过程，这不仅促进了文化的多样性，也为构建和谐多元的社会提供了历史的启示。
英语如下：
News Title: “Tibetan Guan Gong Belief: Enduring Testimony to Sino-Tibetan Cultural Exchange”
Keywords: Tibetan Guan Gong belief, Sino-Tibetan cultural exchange, depth and breadth
News Content: At an academic conference held in Lhasa, Assistant Researcher Gezang Zhuoma from the Tibet Autonomous Region’s Academy of Social Sciences put forth that the dissemination of the Guan Gong belief in Tibet reflects the depth and breadth of historical cultural exchanges between Han and Tibet. This perspective is based on an in-depth study of the distribution of Guandi temples in Tibet, the spread of Guan Gong belief at the Shugden Monastery, and its widespread influence in the local community.
Guan Gong, a renowned military general from the Three Kingdoms period, is posthumously revered by Confucian, Buddhist, and Taoist schools, and is regarded as a Buddhist “Kalachakra Guardian”. In Tibet, there are over a dozen Guandi temples, mainly located in Lhasa, Shannan, and Gyantse. Gezang Zhuoma’s research indicates that the introduction of Guan Gong belief to Tibet can be traced back to the Yongle period of the Ming Dynasty. Fifth Gyalwang Donyi of Shugden Monastery was invited to the Central Plains by the Yongle Emperor and brought the Guan Gong belief back to Tibet when returning. The belief then spread in the region.
At Shugden Monastery, Guan Gong is not only worshiped, but his image is also depicted in murals. Additionally, Guan Gong is venerated as a guardian deity, with dedicated monks performing daily ceremonies. Fifth Gyalwang Donyi of Shugden also bestowed the mountain near his temple as the abode of Guan Gong, becoming the main deity mountain for local nomads. Local herders believe that Guan Gong can bring good fortune and protect villagers from malevolent forces.
Gezang Zhuoma believes that as a common cultural phenomenon in the Han cultural circle, the introduction of Guan Gong belief to Tibet and its persistence至今is a testament to the Tibetans’ recognition and acceptance of the cultural essence of loyalty, righteousness, and bravery represented by Guan Gong. It also signifies the result of cultural exchange and integration between the Central Plains region and Tibet. This not only provides a vivid example of Sino-Tibetan cultural exchange but also reflects the unity of the Chinese nation under shared values, beliefs, and cultural identities, as different cultural forms merge and coexist.
This research result not only enriches the study of religious culture in the Tibet region but also offers new perspectives on the historical depth and breadth of cultural exchange between Han and Tibet. Through the dissemination of Guan Gong belief, we can see the process of mutual influence and integration between different cultures, which not only promotes cultural diversity but also provides historical insights for building a harmonious and diverse society.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/07-27/10258713.shtml
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