在瑞士日内瓦举行的《不扩散核武器条约》第十一次审议大会第二次筹备会上，中国代表团提交了关于互不首先使用核武器倡议、无核安保、核军控以及美英澳核潜艇合作等四份工作文件。这一举动是在全球战略安全环境持续恶化、核冲突与核战争风险上升的背景下，中国积极践行全球安全倡议的重要举措，彰显了中国始终坚守和平追求、促进世界和平稳定的负责任大国形象。
### 核领域全球治理的核心主张
中国的工作文件核心主张包括：核武器国家应切实回应无核武器国家的关切和诉求，就互不首先使用核武器政策缔结条约或发表政治声明；支持裁军谈判会议尽早谈判缔结一项关于保证不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器的国际法律文书；所有国家均应秉持维护全球战略稳定、各国安全不受减损的原则，循序渐进推动国际核裁军进程和减少核风险合作；各国应明确反对核不扩散领域的双重标准，反对将地缘政治私利凌驾于国际核不扩散体系之上。
### 回应国际社会普遍诉求
这些文件回应了国际社会对推进核领域全球治理的普遍诉求。当前，不首先使用核武器政策已成为国际军控领域的重要共识和优先方向。联合国秘书长古特雷斯近年来公开呼吁不首先使用任何核武器。东南亚国家联盟、非洲国家联盟、“新议程联盟”以及众多无核武器国家也呼吁核武器国家采取不首先使用核武器的政策。然而，个别国家固守冷战思维，渲染大国竞争，大肆扩充军备，谋求绝对核优势，在核不扩散领域奉行双重标准，严重损害了全球核领域治理的努力，对地区和平稳定构成了威胁。
### 中国核政策的延续与引领
中国一向主张全面禁止和彻底销毁核武器，是核武器国家中唯一承诺不首先使用核武器的国家。此次提交的工作文件是中国核政策的自然延续。中国自1964年成功爆炸第一颗原子弹之日起，即向全世界庄严宣布，在任何时候、任何情况下都不首先使用核武器。此后，中国进一步承诺无条件不对无核武器国家和无核武器区使用或威胁使用核武器。中国推动五核国领导人共同发表《五个核武器国家领导人关于防止核战争与避免军备竞赛的联合声明》，申明“核战争打不赢也打不得”的理念，体现了中国在核领域全球治理中发挥的有力引领作用。
### 结论
通过提交工作文件，中国不仅展现出了对全球安全的承诺和对核武器控制的坚定立场，也进一步巩固了其作为全球核领域治理积极贡献者的角色。此举不仅有助于维护全球战略稳定，减少战略风险，也为实现共同安全创造有利条件，体现了中国作为负责任大国的担当和智慧。
英语如下：
### China Submits Nuclear Domain Global Governance Document, Actively Upholds Global Security Initiative
At the second preparatory meeting of the Eleventh Review Conference of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) in Geneva, Switzerland, the Chinese delegation submitted four work documents focusing on the倡议of mutual non-first use of nuclear weapons, non-nuclear security, nuclear arms control, and the collaboration between the US, UK, and Australia on nuclear submarines. This move is a significant step by China to actively implement the Global Security Initiative in the context of deteriorating global strategic security environment and escalating risks of nuclear conflict and nuclear war, showcasing China’s commitment as a responsible major country to uphold peace and promote stability in the world.
### Core Arguments in Nuclear Domain Global Governance
The core arguments in China’s work documents emphasize that nuclear-weapon states should genuinely address the concerns and demands of non-nuclear-weapon states, and commit to or issue political statements on the policy of mutual non-first use of nuclear weapons. They also support the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty negotiations at the Conference on Disarmament to finalize an international legal document ensuring that no nuclear weapon state or zone uses or threatens to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or zones. All countries should adhere to the principles of maintaining global strategic stability and not undermining the security of other nations, advancing the international process of nuclear disarmament and reducing nuclear risks step by step. Nations should clearly oppose double standards in non-proliferation, not allowing geopolitical interests to override the international non-proliferation system.
### Responding to the Universal Appeal of the International Community
These documents address the universal appeal of the international community to advance global governance in the nuclear domain. Currently, the policy of mutual non-first use of nuclear weapons has become a key consensus and priority in the field of international arms control. United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres has publicly called for the abolition of the first use of any nuclear weapons in recent years. The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the African Union (AU), the “New Agenda Coalition,” and many non-nuclear-weapon states have also urged nuclear-weapon states to adopt a policy of mutual non-first use of nuclear weapons. However, certain states persist in Cold War thinking, exaggerating great power competition, aggressively expanding their military capabilities, and pursuing absolute nuclear superiority. They uphold double standards in non-proliferation, severely undermining global efforts in nuclear domain governance and posing a threat to regional peace and stability.
### Continuity and Leadership in China’s Nuclear Policy
China has always advocated for a comprehensive ban and complete elimination of nuclear weapons, and is the only nuclear-weapon state to commit to not using nuclear weapons first at any time or under any circumstances. This commitment is a natural continuation of China’s nuclear policy, which it has maintained since it successfully exploded its first atomic bomb in 1964, declaring that it would never use nuclear weapons first under any circumstances. Since then, China has further pledged not to use or threaten to use nuclear weapons against non-nuclear-weapon states or zones without conditions. China’s advocacy of the joint statement by the leaders of the five nuclear-weapon states on preventing nuclear war and arms race has reinforced the idea that “a nuclear war cannot be won and should not be fought.” This demonstrates China’s powerful leadership role in global nuclear governance.
### Conclusion
By submitting work documents, China not only demonstrates its commitment to global security and firm stance on nuclear arms control, but also strengthens its role as a proactive contributor to global nuclear domain governance. This move contributes to maintaining global strategic stability, reducing strategic risks, and creating favorable conditions for achieving shared security, reflecting China’s commitment as a responsible major country.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2024/07-27/10258486.shtml
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