内容：
据美国《华盛顿邮报》7月25日报道，经过多方数据的梳理，美国被证实是目前世界上实施制裁最多的国家。根据统计，截至今年4月19日，美国政府有效制裁总量达到了15373项，是排名第二的瑞士政府所实施的5073项制裁数量的三倍多。
美国制裁政策的广泛实施不仅体现在数量上，还体现在其制裁范围和对象上。美国财政部外国资产控制办公室制裁的实体数量从克林顿总统时期不足1000个，增长到了目前的超过3000个，并在特朗普和拜登总统任内急剧增加。特朗普政府将制裁用作“报复手段”，对调查驻阿富汗美军的国际刑事法院法官实施制裁。而拜登政府在乌克兰危机升级后的两年内出台了创纪录的6000多项制裁，受制裁目标不仅限于俄罗斯，还包括阿富汗前政府官员、墨西哥毒枭等。
美国政府的制裁政策不仅影响着受制裁国家，还对全球超过60%的低收入国家和地区造成影响。报道称，美国政府的制裁措施可能摧毁一国工业、清空个人财产、打破一国政治平衡，同时催生黑市交易，滋生走私犯罪网络。
尽管美国政府内部有人意识到制裁可能造成的反噬效果，包括对美元霸权侵蚀的担忧，但制裁政策似乎正日益成为美国外交政策中的重要工具。美国前财政部长雅各布·卢曾警告滥用制裁可能削弱美国制裁能力，而国会和盟友的反对也反映出制裁政策可能面临的挑战。
美国智库战略与国际问题研究中心的专家比尔·赖因施认为，制裁已成为美国外交政策的重要工具，但同时指出政府对制裁的依赖可能带来不确定性。前国家安全事务副助理本·罗兹则指出，美国政府对外交事务的反应中存在着对制裁的“近乎奇怪的本能”，这可能导致制裁政策的滥用和不合理性。
这一系列报道和评论引发了国际社会对美国制裁政策的广泛关注和讨论。制裁的广泛实施及其可能产生的长远影响，成为了全球关注的焦点。
英语如下：
Title: “U.S. Emerges as a Sanctions Superpower: The Risks of Abuse and Global Impact”
Keywords: Sanctions, U.S., Leader
Content:
A July 25 report in The Washington Post reveals that the United States has been confirmed as the global leader in imposing sanctions, a position it has held due to its extensive sanctions policy. As of April 19, 2023, the U.S. government has implemented a total of 15,373 sanctions, which is more than three times the number enforced by Switzerland, the second-ranked country in this respect.
The widespread application of U.S. sanctions is not only evident in the sheer number of sanctions but also in the breadth and scope of their targets. The U.S. Treasury Department’s Office of Foreign Assets Control has increased the number of entities it sanctions from under 1,000 during the Clinton administration to over 3,000 today, with a sharp rise during the Trump and Biden administrations. The Trump administration used sanctions as a “reprisal tool,” imposing them on judges of the International Criminal Court investigating U.S. troops in Afghanistan. The Biden administration has enacted a record 6,000+ sanctions in the two years since the escalation of the Ukraine crisis, targeting not only Russia but also former officials of the Afghan government and drug cartels in Mexico.
The U.S. sanctions policy not only affects the targeted countries but also impacts over 60% of low-income nations worldwide. The report suggests that U.S. sanctions could destroy industries, empty personal assets, upset national political balances, and foster black market transactions and smuggling networks.
Although there are voices within the U.S. government that recognize the potential negative consequences of sanctions, including concerns about eroding the dominance of the U.S. dollar, the policy seems to be increasingly seen as a critical tool in U.S. foreign policy. Former U.S. Treasury Secretary Jacob Lew has warned against the abuse of sanctions, which could weaken their effectiveness, and opposition from Congress and allies indicates potential challenges to the policy.
Bill Reinsch, a specialist at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, believes that sanctions have become a significant tool in U.S. foreign policy but also notes that excessive reliance on them could introduce uncertainty. Former National Security Advisor Ben Rhodes points out that there is a “remarkably strange instinct” within the U.S. government to react to foreign affairs with sanctions, which could lead to their abuse and irrationality.
These reports and comments have sparked widespread attention and discussion among the international community regarding the U.S. sanctions policy. The broad application of sanctions and their potential long-term effects have become a focal point of global concern.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2024/07-26/10258278.shtml
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