根据联合国粮食及农业组织、国际农业发展基金、联合国儿童基金会、联合国世界粮食计划署和世界卫生组织联合发布的2024年《世界粮食安全和营养状况》报告，全球饥饿水平连续三年维持在较高水平，食物不足情况严重倒退至15年前，相当于回到了2008年至2009年间的状态。2023年，全球有7.13亿至7.57亿人面临食物不足问题，平均为7.33亿人，占全球人口的十分之一，其中非洲地区每五人中就有一个人遭受饥饿困扰。这表明各国在消除饥饿方面进展缓慢，实现到2030年全球零饥饿的可持续发展目标面临巨大挑战。
报告指出，非洲地区的饥饿人口比例持续攀升至20.4%，亚洲地区虽稳定在8.1%，但区域内饥饿人口占全球半数以上，同样面临严峻挑战。拉丁美洲在这一时期取得一定进展，饥饿人口比例降至6.2%。然而，2022年至2023年间，西亚、加勒比地区和非洲多数次区域的饥饿形势出现了加剧。
经济拮据导致无力负担健康膳食的现象在全球范围内普遍存在，报告发现，有超过28亿人口因经济原因无法负担健康膳食。这一问题在低收入国家尤为突出，无力负担健康膳食的人口比例高达71.5%，相比之下，高收入国家的比例仅为6.3%。值得注意的是，亚洲、北美洲及欧洲的这一数字已降至疫情前水平以下，而非洲的这一数字则大幅增加。
全球粮食不安全和营养不良状况持续恶化的主要因素包括地缘政治冲突、气候变化和经济衰退。这些问题与深层因素，如健康膳食成本高昂、食物环境不利于健康和不平等现象的持续存在相互交织，形成了相互加剧的恶性循环。
为了应对这一全球性挑战，报告强调实现零饥饿的可持续发展目标需要多方联动、多点发力，包括推动农业粮食体系转型、加强农业粮食体系建设、消除不平等以及确保所有人负担得起并便捷获得健康膳食。报告呼吁加大融资力度，提升融资成本效益，并明确对粮食安全和营养领域融资进行标准化定义。特别是在那些最亟需扩大融资的国家中，解决融资难问题尤为关键。在报告分析的119个低收入及中等收入国家中，约有63%的国家在融资渠道上面临挑战，且有74%的国家受到加剧粮食不安全和营养不良因素的影响。
英语如下：
Headline: “Global Hunger Remains at Alarming Levels for Third Year, Zero Hunger by 2030 Goal Faces Steep Challenges”
Keywords: global hunger levels, persistent deterioration, funding requirement
News Content: According to the 2024 “World Food Security and Nutrition Situation” report jointly released by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Fund for Agricultural Development, UNICEF, the UN World Food Programme, and the World Health Organization, the global hunger levels have been at high levels for three consecutive years, with food shortages worsening to a level not seen since 15 years ago, akin to the state between 2008 and 2009. In 2023, approximately 713 to 757 million people globally faced food shortages, averaging 733 million, which is one-tenth of the global population. In Africa, one in every five people is grappling with hunger, while in Asia, though the percentage is stable at 8.1%, the number of hungry people constitutes over half of the global total, also posing significant challenges. Latin America has shown some progress during this period, with a hunger rate of 6.2%. However, between 2022 and 2023, the hunger situation worsened in most sub-regions of the Middle East, Caribbean, and Africa.
The report highlights that the global population facing hunger is disproportionately affected in these regions. For every 28 billion people globally, over 280 million struggle to afford a healthy diet due to economic constraints. In low-income countries, the percentage of people unable to afford a healthy diet is a staggering 71.5%, compared to just 6.3% in high-income countries. It’s noteworthy that in Asia, North America, and Europe, this number has already dropped below pre-pandemic levels, whereas in Africa, it has significantly increased.
The main factors contributing to the worsening global food insecurity and malnutrition situation include geopolitical conflicts, climate change, and economic downturns. These issues intertwine with deeper factors, such as high costs of healthy diets, unhealthy food environments, and persistent inequality, creating a vicious cycle of exacerbation.
To tackle this global challenge, the report underscores the need for multi-stakeholder collaboration and a multi-pronged approach, including the transformation of agricultural food systems, strengthening agricultural food systems, eliminating inequalities, and ensuring affordable and accessible healthy diets for all. The report calls for increased funding, enhanced cost-effectiveness of funding, and a standardized definition of financing for food security and nutrition. Addressing the funding gap is particularly critical in countries that most urgently need it. In the 119 low and middle-income countries analyzed, around 63% face challenges in accessing funding, and 74% are affected by heightened food insecurity and malnutrition.
The global report emphasizes the need for a concerted effort to achieve the zero hunger Sustainable Development Goal by 2030, advocating for a multi-faceted approach that includes system-wide reforms, equitable distribution, and ensuring access to affordable and nutritious food for all. It also highlights the importance of increased investment in food security and nutrition, improved funding efficiency, and a standardized definition of financing for these sectors. In countries where funding is most desperately needed, addressing the funding challenges is paramount.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2024/07-26/10257761.shtml
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