科技日报北京7月22日电 (记者张梦然) 据美国全国广播公司网站报道，一名德国男子可能已经实现了艾滋病的“治愈”，这一病例的独特性为人类艾滋病病毒(HIV)治疗研究提供了重要经验和启示。自艾滋病自1981年首次报道以来，全球已历经40余年的防治历程，迄今为止，除此次德国男子外，仅有6人达成了艾滋病的“治愈”。
德国柏林夏里特大学医学院的科学家将在24日于慕尼黑举行的第25届国际艾滋病大会上提交相关报告。这名德国男子在2015年10月接受了一次干细胞移植治疗急性髓系白血病(AML)，并在2018年9月停止了抗逆转录病毒药物的服用，目前他仍处于病毒缓解状态，未出现HIV反弹迹象。通过使用超灵敏测试，科学家们均未能在其体内检测到活跃的HIV病毒。
然而，专家们也强调，这七例“治愈”病例的治疗方法可能仅适用于极少数人群。原因在于所有“治愈”病例的患者在感染HIV病毒后，又不幸患上了血癌，因此需要进行干细胞移植来治疗恶性肿瘤。贸然将这一治疗方法应用于HIV感染者，风险极高。
在其中五例“治愈”病例中，捐赠者基因的两个副本中均存在罕见的自然缺陷，这一缺陷使CCR5蛋白的产生受到抑制，而CCR5蛋白正是大多数HIV病毒附着和感染细胞的关键。如果免疫细胞中没有功能性CCR5蛋白，它们就能对HIV病毒产生抵抗力。这名德国男子的捐赠者只有一个CCR5基因副本，这意味着他体内部分免疫细胞可能含有正常水平的CCR5蛋白，而他自己也只有一个基因副本，这两个遗传因素的组合可能增加了他治愈艾滋病的机会。
最近这两起欧洲病例引起了全球科学界的极大关注，因为它们可能揭示了实现艾滋病治愈的关键因素。然而，值得注意的是，尽管这一治疗方法在理论上带来了希望，但其复杂性、风险和适用性仍然需要深入研究和谨慎对待。艾滋病的治疗和预防仍然是全球公共卫生领域的一项重大挑战，而这一“治愈”案例为未来的科研工作提供了宝贵的线索和方向。
英语如下：
### Seventh Case of Potential HIV Cure Raises Hope, Offers Valuable Insights
Science Daily, Beijing, July 22 (Xiao Li) – According to the website of the American National Broadcasting Company, a German man might have achieved the cure for HIV, a unique case that provides significant experience and inspiration for the global research on HIV treatment. Since the first reported case of AIDS in 1981, the world has battled this virus for over 40 years, with only six other individuals globally achieving a state akin to cure until this German man.
Scientists from the Charité University Medicine in Berlin will present their findings at the 25th International AIDS Conference in Munich on July 24. The German man received a stem cell transplant for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in October 2015 and ceased taking antiretroviral drugs in September 2018. He remains in a state of viral remission, with no signs of HIV rebound. Using highly sensitive tests, scientists have not detected active HIV viruses in his body.
However, experts also caution that this method of cure might only be applicable to a very small number of individuals. The reason being that all the “cured” cases involved patients who were diagnosed with HIV and subsequently suffered from blood cancer, necessitating stem cell transplantation for cancer treatment. Applying this treatment to HIV-infected individuals without such a condition poses a high risk.
In five of the “cured” cases, the donors’ genes contained rare natural defects in both copies, preventing the production of CCR5 protein. CCR5 protein is essential for most HIV viruses to attach and infect cells. If immune cells lack functional CCR5 protein, they can resist HIV infection. The donor of the German man had only one copy of the CCR5 gene, meaning some of his immune cells might contain normal levels of CCR5 protein, and he himself had only one gene copy. The combination of these genetic factors might have increased his chances of curing HIV.
The recent European cases have sparked significant interest among the global scientific community, as they may reveal the key factors in achieving an HIV cure. It is noteworthy that while this method holds theoretical promise, its complexity, risks, and applicability require further in-depth study and careful consideration. The treatment and prevention of HIV remain a significant challenge in global public health, and this “cure” case offers valuable clues and directions for future research endeavors.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/07-23/10255571.shtml
Views: 1