【科普时间】三伏天开启,老年人婴幼儿孕妇等特殊人群如何防晒?

随着夏季高温的加剧,三伏天的到来意味着我们将面临一年中最热的时期。对于许多人来说,防晒成了日常生活中不可或缺的一部分,但特殊人群,如老年人、婴幼儿和孕妇,由于身体状况的特殊性,需要采取更加细致的防晒措施,以保护自己免受紫外线的伤害。本文将为您详细解读这些特殊人群在三伏天如何做好防晒工作。

### 老年人

老年人皮肤的弹性和抵抗力较弱,更容易受到紫外线的伤害,导致皮肤老化、色斑加深甚至皮肤癌的风险增加。因此,老年人在外出时应选择物理性防晒措施,如穿着长袖衣物、宽边帽和太阳镜,以阻挡紫外线的直接照射。同时,使用高SPF值的防晒霜也是必要的,但要记得定期补涂,特别是在出汗或游泳后。此外,避免在紫外线最强的时段(上午10点至下午4点)外出。

### 婴幼儿

婴幼儿的皮肤更薄,更容易受到紫外线的伤害,且他们的免疫系统尚未完全发育,对紫外线的防御能力较弱。因此,为婴幼儿选择合适的防晒措施至关重要。首先,尽量避免直接暴露在强烈的阳光下,尤其是在紫外线最强的时段。其次,使用SPF30或更高、广谱(UVA和UVB)的防晒霜,并确保涂抹均匀,特别是脸部、颈部和耳朵后部等容易被忽略的部位。此外,选择物理性防晒产品,如含有氧化锌或二氧化钛的防晒霜,相对更安全。

### 孕妇

孕妇在孕期由于荷尔蒙水平的变化,皮肤对紫外线的敏感度增加,因此需要特别注意防晒。使用高SPF值、广谱的防晒霜是必要的,但应选择不含对胎儿有害成分的产品。同样,穿着长袖衣物和宽边帽等物理性防晒措施也是有效的。孕妇在户外活动时,应避免在阳光最强烈的时候外出,选择遮阳伞或在树荫下活动,以减少紫外线的直接照射。

总之,面对三伏天的高温和强烈紫外线,老年人、婴幼儿和孕妇等特殊人群需要采取更为细致的防晒措施,以保护自己的皮肤免受伤害。通过合理选择防晒产品、穿着合适的衣物、避免高峰时段外出等方法,可以有效减少紫外线对皮肤的伤害,让夏日更加健康、舒适。

英语如下:

News Title: “Sun Protection Guide for the Dog Days: A Comprehensive Strategy for the Elderly, Infants, and Pregnant Women”

Keywords: Summer Sun Protection, Special Groups, CCTV News

Content: **Science Time** – As summer temperatures soar, the arrival of the Dog Days signals the hottest period of the year. Sun protection has become an indispensable part of daily life for many, but for special groups such as the elderly, infants, and pregnant women, due to their unique physical conditions, more meticulous sun protection measures are necessary to protect themselves from the damage of ultraviolet rays. This article will provide a detailed explanation of how these special groups can effectively prepare for sun protection during the Dog Days.

### For the Elderly

The skin elasticity and resistance of the elderly are weaker, making them more susceptible to ultraviolet ray damage, which can lead to skin aging, darkening of spots, and an increased risk of skin cancer. Therefore, when stepping out, the elderly should choose physical sun protection measures, such as wearing long-sleeved clothing, wide-brimmed hats, and sunglasses, to block direct ultraviolet ray exposure. Applying high SPF sunscreens is also necessary, remembering to reapply them regularly, especially after sweating or swimming. Additionally, it is advisable to avoid being outdoors during the peak ultraviolet radiation hours (10 AM to 4 PM).

### For Infants

Infants have thinner skin and are more susceptible to ultraviolet ray damage, with their immune systems not fully developed, leading to weaker defenses against ultraviolet rays. Therefore, it is crucial to select appropriate sun protection measures for infants. First, it is essential to avoid direct exposure to strong sunlight, particularly during the peak ultraviolet radiation hours. Second, using sunscreens with SPF 30 or higher, broad-spectrum (UVA and UVB), and ensuring even application, especially on the face, neck, and back of the ears. Physical sun protection products, such as sunscreens containing zinc oxide or titanium dioxide, are relatively safer.

### For Pregnant Women

During pregnancy, due to changes in hormone levels, the skin’s sensitivity to ultraviolet rays increases, requiring special attention to sun protection. Using high SPF, broad-spectrum sunscreens is necessary, choosing products free from components harmful to the fetus. Similarly, wearing long-sleeved clothing and wide-brimmed hats as physical sun protection measures are also effective. Pregnant women should avoid being outdoors during the sun’s peak hours and choose to be under umbrellas or in shaded areas to minimize direct ultraviolet ray exposure.

In summary, when facing the high temperatures and intense ultraviolet rays of the Dog Days, special groups like the elderly, infants, and pregnant women need to take more meticulous sun protection measures to protect their skin from damage. By choosing appropriate sun protection products, wearing suitable clothing, avoiding peak sun hours, and other methods, it is possible to effectively reduce ultraviolet ray damage to the skin, making the summer more healthy and comfortable.

【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/07-17/10252545.shtml

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