在当前我国水旱灾害防御面临诸多挑战与风险的背景下，水利部近日召开会议，有针对性地部署了“七下八上”期间的防御措施，以坚持预防为主的原则，确保人民生命财产安全和经济社会稳定发展。
“七下八上”通常指的是每年7月至8月上旬，这一时期我国大部地区进入雨季，是防汛抗洪的关键时期。近年来，我国的水旱灾害防御工作取得了显著成效，但仍存在一些短板和风险。水利部此次部署的防御措施旨在补强这些短板，提升防灾减灾能力，具体措施包括：
1. **加强监测预警**：利用现代化技术手段，如卫星遥感、气象雷达等，加强对重点区域的水情、雨情、旱情监测，及时发布预警信息，为各级政府和相关部门提供科学决策依据。
2. **完善水利工程**：对现有水利工程设施进行排查和维护，确保水库、水闸、堤防等关键设施安全运行。同时，加快推进重大水利工程的建设，提高水资源调控和防洪抗旱能力。
3. **强化应急响应**：建立健全快速响应机制，一旦发生重大水旱灾害，能够迅速组织力量进行救援和恢复，减少灾害损失。
4. **公众教育与参与**：通过媒体、网络等渠道普及水旱灾害防御知识，提高公众的防灾减灾意识和自救互救能力，形成全社会共同参与防灾减灾的良好氛围。
5. **风险评估与管理**：对重点地区和关键环节进行风险评估，制定针对性的防范措施，加强风险管控，减少灾害发生概率。
水利部此次部署的防御措施体现了预防为主、综合治理的方针，旨在通过科学的规划和管理，有效应对水旱灾害，保障人民群众生命财产安全，促进经济社会的可持续发展。
英语如下：
### Water Resources Ministry Lays Out “Seven Below, Eight Above” Defense Strategies, Emphasizing Prevention
In light of the numerous challenges and risks faced by water and drought disaster prevention in the country, the Water Resources Ministry recently convened a meeting to strategically plan defense measures for the “Seven Below, Eight Above” period. This period typically spans from July to the first ten days of August, marking the peak of the rainy season for most parts of the country, and a critical time for flood control and anti-flood efforts. Despite notable progress in recent years, there are still gaps and risks in disaster prevention work. The ministry’s defense measures aim to strengthen these areas, enhance disaster prevention and mitigation capabilities, and include:
1. **Enhanced Monitoring and Warning**: Utilizing modern technology, such as satellite remote sensing and weather radars, to intensively monitor water conditions, rainfall, and droughts in key areas, and promptly issue warning information to provide scientific decision-making support for governments and relevant departments at all levels.
2. **Improved Water Conservancy Infrastructure**: Conducting inspections and maintenance of existing water conservancy facilities to ensure the safety of key facilities such as reservoirs, sluices, and dikes. Simultaneously, accelerating the construction of major water conservancy projects to improve water resource regulation and flood control and drought relief capabilities.
3. **Strengthened Emergency Response**: Establishing a rapid response system to swiftly mobilize forces for rescue and recovery in the event of major water and drought disasters, minimizing the loss of the disaster.
4. **Public Education and Engagement**: Promoting water and drought disaster prevention knowledge through media, online platforms, and other channels to enhance public awareness of disaster prevention and mitigation, and the ability to自救 and assist others, fostering a societal atmosphere of collective engagement in disaster prevention.
5. **Risk Assessment and Management**: Conducting risk assessments on key regions and critical links, formulating targeted preventive measures, and strengthening risk management to reduce the probability of disasters occurring.
The defense measures deployed by the Water Resources Ministry reflect the principle of prevention first and comprehensive management, aiming to effectively respond to water and drought disasters through scientific planning and management, ensuring the safety of people’s lives and property, and promoting the sustainable development of society and the economy.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2024/07-14/10251151.shtml
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