近日，美国众议院通过了一项名为“增强关键出口海外限制国家框架”法案（ENFORCE Act），旨在加强对AI技术的出口管理，尤其是针对OpenAI、微软、Anthropic、谷歌、Meta等大型科技公司的AI模型出口。该法案的核心内容包括限制这些模型的出口，以及对与美国国家安全相关的新兴和基础技术活动进行严格监管。
5月8日，该法案正式提交，旨在为美国政府提供一个更灵活、更有效的框架，以应对日益增长的AI技术出口风险。该法案通过了第一轮投票，以43票赞成、3票反对的结果在众议院外交事务委员会中获得初步通过。
法案的通过标志着美国对AI技术出口管理的加强，尤其针对中国等国家。值得注意的是，该法案还特别强调了对中国人在美从事AI相关工作的限制。具体而言，持有H1b签证的中国人若要在美国从事AI或机器学习（ML）相关工作，需要获得特殊许可。
此举引发了国际社会的广泛关注，尤其是中美之间的科技竞争背景之下。美国此举被视为对AI领域国家安全的重视，同时也反映了美国对于科技出口监管的加强。然而，这一举措也引发了对于全球人才流动和国际合作的担忧，尤其是在AI这一前沿技术领域。
总体而言，美国众议院新法案的通过，标志着AI技术出口管理政策的调整，对于全球科技产业的格局和合作模式将产生深远影响。未来，如何在确保国家安全与促进科技交流之间找到平衡点，将是国际社会共同面临的挑战。
英语如下：
News Title: “US New Legislation: Curbs on AI Model Exports, Tightens Work Permits for Chinese AI Talent in the US”
Keywords: AI Export Restrictions, National Security, H1b Visa
News Content: Title: US House of Representatives Passes Bill to Limit AI Model Exports and Chinese AI Work Permits
In a recent move, the US House of Representatives has passed the “Enhancing Foreign Exports of Critical Overseas Limitations Framework Act” (ENFORCE Act), aimed at tightening the export management of AI technologies, particularly for large tech companies such as OpenAI, Microsoft, Anthropic, Google, and Meta. The core of this legislation involves restricting the export of these AI models and imposing strict oversight on emerging and foundational technological activities related to national security.
On May 8, the bill was formally introduced, providing the US government with a more agile and effective framework to address the growing risks associated with AI technology exports. The bill passed the first round of voting with a 43-3 vote in the House Committee on Foreign Affairs, marking its initial approval.
The passing of this bill signifies a strengthening of AI technology export management, particularly for countries like China. Notably, the bill also highlights restrictions on Chinese nationals working in AI-related fields in the US. Specifically, Chinese nationals holding H1b visas would need to obtain special permission to work in AI or machine learning (ML) roles in the US.
This move has garnered significant international attention, especially in the context of the escalating tech competition between the US and China. The US’s action is seen as a demonstration of its commitment to AI technology national security and reflects the country’s increased focus on technology export regulation. However, this measure has also raised concerns about global talent mobility and collaboration, particularly in the cutting-edge field of AI.
Overall, the passage of the new US House bill signifies a shift in AI technology export management policies, which will have profound implications for the global tech industry’s landscape and collaborative models. In the future, finding a balance between ensuring national security and promoting technological exchange will be a challenge faced by the international community.
【来源】https://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/hc8icadHGZSrPIg6r4GM_g
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