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新闻报道 正统十四年(1449年)7月，瓦剌首领也先趁明朝内忧外患之际，率军南下进攻明朝。当时，明英宗朱祁镇刚刚即位不久，年纪尚轻，无法独立处理国家大事。宦官王振掌控了朝政，他极力主张皇帝亲自出征，对抗瓦剌。然而，这次战争并没有得到大多数官员的支持，他们认为皇帝应该留在京城，稳定局势。最终，在王振的鼓动下，明英宗决定亲征。这场战争被称为‘土木之变’或‘土木堡之变’。
明英宗带领的大军在与瓦剌军队的战斗中遭遇惨败，损失惨重。皇帝被俘，许多将士战死沙场。这一事件对明朝造成了巨大的影响，使得国家的实力大大削弱。同时，这也标志着明朝开始走向衰落，逐渐失去了对周边地区的控制。
‘土木之变’不仅是一次军事失败，更是一个政治灾难。它暴露了明朝政府内部的腐朽和混乱，使得国家陷入了更加严重的危机之中。直到后来，明朝才逐渐恢复元气，但已经无法再回到过去的辉煌。
【来源】https://baike.so.com/doc/6319314.html
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