2月29日，国家自然科学基金委员会在京公布了2023年度“中国科学十大进展”，这些重大科研成果涉及生命科学和医学、人工智能、量子科学、天文以及化学能源等多个前沿领域，展示了我国科学研究的深度与广度。
在人工智能领域，大模型的创新应用为精准天气预报带来了革命性的突破，预示着未来气象预测的准确性将大幅提升。在生命科学方面，科研人员揭示了人类基因组中“暗物质”如何驱动衰老的机制，为延缓衰老和相关疾病的防治提供了新的理论依据。同时，大脑中“有形”生物钟的发现及其节律调控机制的解析，为理解神经生物学和睡眠科学开辟了新路径。
在农业科研上，农作物耐盐碱机制的解析及其应用，有望解决全球粮食安全问题，特别是在盐碱地丰富的地区。在分子生物学领域，科学家们实现了从单碱基到超大片段DNA的精准操纵，这一技术将极大地推动基因编辑技术的发展。此外，人类细胞DNA复制起始的新机制也被揭示，为癌症早期诊断和治疗提供了新思路。
在天文学上，被誉为“拉索”的射电望远镜成功发现了史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子，这是高能天体物理研究的重大突破。在量子科学领域，玻色编码纠错技术成功延长了量子比特的寿命，为构建更稳定的量子计算机奠定了基础。而光感受对血糖代谢的调节机制的揭示，为糖尿病等代谢疾病的研究提供了新的视角。最后，锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应新机制的发现，将有助于提升电池性能，推动清洁能源技术的进步。
这些入选的“中国科学十大进展”充分展示了我国科研人员的创新精神和科研实力，为全球科学界贡献了中国智慧。这些成果不仅在各自领域内产生了深远影响，也预示着我国科技事业的未来将更加光明。
英语如下：
**News Title:** “China’s Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023: From Quantum to Genes, Innovation Lights the Way”
**Keywords:** Top 10 Scientific Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Error Correction
**News Content:**
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) unveiled the “Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023” in Beijing on February 29, showcasing a wide array of groundbreaking research across fields such as life sciences and medicine, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum science, astronomy, and chemical energy.
In the realm of AI, innovative applications of large language models have revolutionized weather forecasting, indicating a significant improvement in the accuracy of future predictions. In the life sciences, researchers have illuminated the mechanism by which the “dark matter” of the human genome drives aging, providing new theoretical foundations for anti-aging strategies and disease prevention. Additionally, the discovery of a “tangible” biological clock in the brain and the elucidation of its rhythmic control mechanisms open new avenues in understanding neuroscience and sleep science.
In agricultural research, the decoding of salt tolerance mechanisms in crops and their practical applications promise to address global food security, particularly in regions with abundant saline soils. In molecular biology, scientists have achieved precise manipulation of DNA from single nucleotides to large segments, a breakthrough that will significantly advance gene editing technology. Furthermore, new insights into the initiation mechanism of human cell DNA replication offer novel approaches for early cancer diagnosis and treatment.
In astronomy, the Five-hundred-meter Aperture Spherical Radio Telescope (FAST), known as “Luo Shao,” detected the narrowest jet and highest-energy photons from the brightest gamma-ray burst ever observed, marking a major breakthrough in high-energy astrophysics. In quantum science, Bose-encoded error correction techniques have extended the lifetime of quantum bits, laying the groundwork for more stable quantum computers. The revelation of the light-sensing regulation on glucose metabolism provides a fresh perspective on the study of metabolic diseases like diabetes. Lastly, the discovery of a new mechanism in lithium-sulfur battery charge storage aggregation reaction holds promise for improving battery performance and advancing clean energy technologies.
These “Top 10 Scientific Advances of China” exemplify the innovative spirit and scientific prowess of the country’s researchers, contributing Chinese wisdom to the global scientific community. Not only do these accomplishments wield profound influence within their respective domains, but they also foreshadow an even brighter future for China’s scientific endeavors.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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