美国政府近日对其对华芯片管制政策进行了重大修订，新的出口管制条款多达160多页，旨在“纠正意外的错误，并明确一些条款”，将于4月4日正式生效。本次修订加强了对高科技芯片生产设备的管控，特别是增加了对极紫外光刻机（EUV）掩膜和刻蚀机等关键制造设备的限制。同时，美国商务部对澳门地区及D:5组地区采取了更为严格的“推定拒绝”出口政策。
在公众关注的热点问题上，美国商务部在更新的细则中回应了RTX4090显卡的销售限制，表明这一高端显卡的出口限制将有所放宽。此外，关于H20等特定芯片的出口也得到了新的规定。值得注意的是，针对中国进口的光刻机及相关上下游设备，管制措施更加细化，未来中国只能购买较旧款的光刻机，对先进设备的获取将受到更大限制。
这一系列改动反映出美国在高科技领域的战略调整，旨在保护其技术优势并限制中国半导体产业的发展。然而，这一举措也可能加剧全球科技供应链的紧张态势，并可能引发国际市场的波动。中国方面对此尚未发表官方回应，但预计这将对中国的芯片自给自足战略产生深远影响。
英语如下：
News Title: “U.S. Chip Control Measures: Restriction on Lithography Machines, Loosened Ban on RTX4090, Impact on Macau and D:5 Region”
Keywords: U.S. chip control, Macau, RTX4090
News Content: The U.S. government recently made significant revisions to its chip control policy towards China, introducing a new export control document consisting of over 160 pages, aimed at “correcting unintended errors and clarifying certain provisions.” These revisions will take effect on April 4th. The update strengthens the control over high-tech chip production equipment, particularly by imposing stricter limitations on critical manufacturing devices such as extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) masks and etching machines.
In response to a public focal point, the U.S. Department of Commerce addressed the restriction on the sale of RTX4090 graphics cards in its updated guidelines, indicating a relaxation of the export ban on this high-end GPU. Furthermore, new provisions have been set for the export of specific chips like H20. Notably, the controls on lithography machines and associated upstream and downstream equipment imported into China have become more stringent, limiting China’s access to advanced equipment in the future.
These changes reflect a strategic adjustment in the U.S. approach to high-tech sectors, intended to preserve its technological edge and curb the development of China’s semiconductor industry. However, this move could exacerbate tensions in the global tech supply chain and potentially trigger fluctuations in international markets. China has yet to issue an official response, but these measures are expected to have profound implications for its strategy of self-sufficiency in chips.
【来源】https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240402A09O2G00
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