2023年2月29日，国家自然科学基金委员会在京揭晓了本年度的“中国科学十大进展”，一系列重大科研成果在生命科学、人工智能、量子科学、天文、化学能源等多个领域取得突破。这些进展展现出中国科研的强劲活力和创新能力。
在人工智能领域，大模型的运用为精准天气预报带来了革命性突破，有望提高极端气候预测的准确性。生命科学方面，科研人员揭示了人类基因组中“暗物质”驱动衰老的机制，为抗衰老研究开辟了新路径。同时，大脑中“有形”生物钟的存在及其节律调控机制的发现，深化了我们对生物钟与人体健康关系的理解。
农业科学方面，农作物耐盐碱机制的解析及应用，为改善盐碱地种植条件、保障粮食安全提供了科技支撑。在基因编辑技术上，新方法实现了从单碱基到超大片段DNA的精准操纵，为基因治疗带来可能。生物学领域，人类细胞DNA复制起始的新机制被揭示，对理解细胞分裂过程具有重要意义。
天文学上，“拉索”望远镜成功发现史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子，对高能天体物理研究产生了深远影响。量子科学领域，玻色编码纠错技术成功延长了量子比特的寿命，为量子计算的实用化奠定了基础。此外，光感受调节血糖代谢的机制被揭示，为糖尿病治疗提供了新的策略。在能源科学中，锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应新机制的发现，将有助于提升电池性能，推动清洁能源技术的进步。
这些入选的“中国科学十大进展”充分体现了中国科研在基础研究和应用研究上的双重突破，预示着未来科技发展的广阔前景。
英语如下：
**News Title:** “China’s Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023: Unveiling the Secrets of Life and Quantum Technology Reaches New Heights”
**Keywords:** Top 10 Scientific Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Breakthroughs
**News Content:**
Title: China’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023” Announced, Spanning Diverse Fields of Science
On February 29, 2023, the National Natural Science Foundation of China unveiled this year’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China,” showcasing a series of significant research achievements across life sciences, artificial intelligence, quantum science, astronomy, chemical energy, and more. These advancements demonstrate the robust vitality and innovative capacity of Chinese scientific research.
In the field of artificial intelligence, the application of large models has brought a revolutionary breakthrough in precise weather forecasting, potentially enhancing the accuracy of extreme weather predictions. In life sciences, researchers elucidated the mechanism by which the “dark matter” of the human genome drives aging, opening up new avenues for anti-aging research. Additionally, the discovery of a “tangible” biological clock in the brain and its rhythmic regulation mechanism deepened our understanding of the connection between biological clocks and human health.
In agricultural science, the understanding and application of crop salt-tolerance mechanisms have provided technological support for improving saline-alkali land cultivation and ensuring food security. In gene editing, new methods enable precise manipulation of DNA from single nucleotides to large DNA segments, potentially advancing gene therapy. In biology, a new mechanism for the initiation of human cell DNA replication was revealed, crucial for comprehending the cell division process.
In astronomy, the “LHAASO” telescope successfully detected the narrow jet and trillion-electron-volt photons from the brightest gamma-ray burst on record, significantly impacting high-energy astrophysics research. In the realm of quantum science, Bose-encoded error correction techniques prolonged the lifetime of quantum bits, laying the foundation for the practical application of quantum computing. Furthermore, the mechanism by which light perception regulates glucose metabolism was disclosed, offering a novel strategy for diabetes treatment. In energy science, a new mechanism for interfacial charge storage aggregation in lithium-sulfur batteries was discovered, contributing to enhanced battery performance and the advancement of clean energy technologies.
These selected “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China” highlight the dual breakthroughs in both fundamental and applied research, foreshadowing a promising future for technological development.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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