国家自然科学基金委发布2023年度“中国科学十大进展”
（北京，2月29日）国家自然科学基金委员会今日发布了2023年度“中国科学十大进展”，涵盖生命科学和医学、人工智能、量子、天文、化学能源等多个领域。
十大进展具体如下：
1. 人工智能大模型为精准天气预报带来新突破：利用人工智能大模型，研究人员建立了全球高分辨率天气预报系统，大幅提升了天气预报的准确率。
2. 揭示人类基因组暗物质驱动衰老的机制：研究发现，人类基因组中大量“暗物质”在衰老过程中发挥着重要作用，为抗衰老研究提供了新靶点。
3. 发现大脑“有形”生物钟的存在及其节律调控机制：研究人员首次发现大脑中存在一种“有形”的生物钟，并揭示了其对生物节律的调控机制。
4. 农作物耐盐碱机制解析及应用：研究人员解析了农作物耐盐碱的分子机制，并开发出新的耐盐碱农作物品种，为解决土壤盐碱化问题提供了技术支撑。
5. 新方法实现单碱基到超大片段DNA精准操纵：研究人员开发出一种新的基因编辑技术，可实现从单碱基到超大片段DNA的精准操纵，为基因治疗和合成生物学提供了新的工具。
6. 揭示人类细胞DNA复制起始新机制：研究发现，人类细胞DNA复制起始是一个动态调控的过程，为理解细胞增殖和肿瘤发生提供了新 insights。
7. “拉索”发现史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子：我国“拉索”卫星首次探测到史上最亮的伽马暴，并发现其喷流极窄，并伴随十万亿电子伏特的超高能光子。
8. 玻色编码纠错延长量子比特寿命：研究人员利用玻色编码纠错技术，大幅延长了量子比特的寿命，为量子计算的实用化奠定了基础。
9. 揭示光感受调节血糖代谢机制：研究发现，光感受器可以调节血糖代谢，为糖尿病治疗提供了新的思路。
10. 发现锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应新机制：研究人员发现锂硫电池界面存在电荷存储聚集反应，为提高锂硫电池性能提供了新的理论指导。
这些进展展示了中国科学研究的蓬勃发展，为解决重大科学问题、促进经济社会发展做出了重要贡献。
英语如下：
**Scientific Breakthroughs! Top 10 Advances Unveil the Mysteries of theUniverse**
**Keywords:** Scientific Progress, Life Sciences, Quantum Technology
**News Content:**
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) hasreleased its “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China” for 2023, covering various fields such as life sciences and medicine, artificial intelligence, quantum, astronomy, and chemical energy.
The top 10 advances are as follows:
1. **AI Large Models Bring New Breakthroughs in AccurateWeather Forecasting:** Using AI large models, researchers have established a global high-resolution weather forecasting system, significantly improving the accuracy of weather predictions.
2. **Unveiling the Mechanism of “Dark Matter” in the Human Genome Driving Aging:** Research has found that a large amount of “dark matter” in the human genome plays a vital role in the aging process, providing new targets for anti-aging research.
3. **Discovery of a “Tangible” Biological Clock in the Brain and Its Rhythm Regulation Mechanism:** Researchers have discovered for the first time a “tangible” biological clock in the brain and revealed its regulatory mechanism onbiological rhythms.
4. **Analysis and Application of Crop Salt and Alkali Tolerance Mechanisms:** Researchers have analyzed the molecular mechanisms of crop salt and alkali tolerance and developed new salt and alkali-tolerant crop varieties, providing technical support for solving soil salinization problems.
5. **New Method for Precise Manipulation of DNA from Single Bases to Ultra-Large Fragments:** Researchers have developed a new gene editing technique that enables precise manipulation of DNA from single bases to ultra-large fragments, providing new tools for gene therapy and synthetic biology.
6. **Unveiling a New Mechanism for Human Cell DNA Replication Initiation:** Research has found that human cell DNA replication initiation is a dynamically regulated process, providing new insights into understanding cell proliferation and tumorigenesis.
7. **”Lasso” Discovers Extremely Narrow Jet and Trillion-Electronvolt Photons in the Brightest Gamma-ray Burst Ever:** China’s “Lasso” satellite has detected the brightest gamma-ray burst ever and found its jet to be extremely narrow, accompanied by ultra-high-energy photons of trillion electronvolts.
8. **Bose Encoding Error Correction Extends Quantum Bit Lifetime:** Researchers have significantly extended the lifetime of quantum bits using Bose encoding error correction technology, laying the foundation for the practicalapplication of quantum computing.
9. **Unveiling the Mechanism of Light-Sensitive Regulation of Glucose Metabolism:** Research has found that light receptors can regulate glucose metabolism, providing new ideas for diabetes treatment.
10. **Discovery of a New Mechanism of Charge Storage Aggregation Reaction at Lithium-Sulfur Battery Interface:** Researchers have discovered a charge storage aggregation reaction at the lithium-sulfur battery interface, providing new theoretical guidance for improving lithium-sulfur battery performance.
These advances demonstrate the thriving development of scientific research in China, making significant contributions to solving major scientific problems and promoting economic and social development.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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