近日，美国科学家研发出一种简单易行的DNA检测技术，能够识别包括肺癌、乳腺癌、肠癌在内的18种早期癌症。这项研究发表在知名医学期刊《BMJ Oncology》上，被专家们称为癌症检测领域的“变革者”。
这项由美国生物科技公司Novelna研发的技术，通过分析血液中的蛋白质，能够精准识别18种主要器官的早期癌症。与传统的检测肿瘤DNA的方法相比，这种新方法对早期癌症的识别准确率“大大高于”目前英国NHS正在试用的Galleri测试。
研究人员指出，此前用于早期癌症检测的血液蛋白虽然存在，但准确性不足，难以区分健康人群和癌症患者。这项技术则能在I期（最早的癌症阶段）和99%的特异性下，识别出93%的男性癌症和84%的女性癌症。
研究团队表示，这项技术有望成为常规体检的一部分，彻底改变癌症筛查指南，为大规模人群筛查提供经济高效、高准确率的多癌筛查手段。但目前的研究样本量相对较小，还需要更大规模的后续研究来验证其有效性和可行性。
尽管该研究结果令人鼓舞，但专家们仍谨慎表示，能够早期识别多种癌症且准确性高的简单血液测试一直是癌症早期筛查的终极目标，这项研究是否适用于实际癌症筛查，还需更多研究和验证。
Title: Revolutionary blood test accurately detects 18 early-stage cancers
Keywords: Blood test, early-stage cancer, accurate detection
News content:
Recently, American scientists have developed a simple and easy-to-use DNA testing technology that can accurately detect 18 early-stage cancers, including lung cancer, breast cancer, and colon cancer. This study was published in the renowned medical journal “BMJ Oncology” and is regarded as a “game changer” in the field of cancer detection.
The technology, developed by the American biotechnology company Novelna, accurately identifies early-stage cancers in 18 major organs by analyzing proteins in blood. Compared to traditional methods of detecting tumor DNA, this new method has a significantly higher accuracy in identifying early-stage cancers than the currently ongoing NHS trial using the Galleri test.
Researchers point out that although blood proteins have been used for early cancer detection, their accuracy is insufficient to distinguish between healthy individuals and cancer patients. This technology, however, can identify 93% of male cancers and 84% of female cancers during the earliest stage of cancer (I stage) with 99% specificity.
The research team believes that this technology has the potential to become a routine part of medical examinations, completely transforming cancer screening guidelines and providing an economical and highly accurate multi-cancer screening method for large-scale populations. However, due to the relatively small sample size of the current study, further large-scale research is needed to validate its effectiveness and feasibility.
Although the research results are encouraging, experts still caution that a simple blood test that can early detect multiple cancers with high accuracy has always been the ultimate goal of early cancer screening. Whether this study can be applied to practical cancer screening still needs more research and verification.
【来源】https://www.ithome.com/0/744/466.htm
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