研究人员成功在具有 48 个逻辑量子比特的量子计算机上,执行了大规模算法。这标志着量子计算领域的重大突破,为开发真正可扩展和容错的量子计算机奠定了基础。
与标准量子比特(qubits)不同,逻辑量子比特(logical qubits)能够更好地执行不受错误影响的计算。研究人员首先在一个无气容器中放置了数千个铷原子,然后利用激光和磁铁的力量将原子冷却到接近绝对零度的温度,从而突出其量子特性,也方便科学家通过激光击中原子,来非常精确地控制原子的量子态。他们首先从原子中创造了 280 个量子比特,然后使用另一个激光脉冲来纠缠这些量子比特组,形成一个逻辑量子比特。
IBM 和总部位于加利福尼亚的 Atom Computing 推出了具有 1000 多个量子比特的设备,几乎是以前最大的量子计算机的三倍。但这些量子计算机在提高量子比特之后,由于更大的量子计算机通常会犯更多的错误,因此没有大幅提高计算能力。为了制造出能够纠正错误的量子计算机,研究人员将重点放在增加其逻辑量子比特的数量上。
研究人员一次成功最多制作 48 个逻辑量子比特,以前创建的逻辑量子比特数的 10 倍以上。威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的 Mark Saffman 表示:“拥有这么多逻辑量子比特是一件大事。对于任何量子计算平台来说,这都是一个非常了不起的结果。”
IT 之家附上论文参考地址:
Bluvstein, D., Evered, S.J., Geim, A.A. et al. Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays. Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06927-3
新闻翻译(英文):
Researchers have achieved a significant breakthrough in quantum computing by executing large-scale algorithms on a quantum computer with 48 logical qubits. This marks a major breakthrough in the development of truly scalable and error-correcting quantum computers.
In contrast to standard quantum bits (qubits), logical qubits can perform calculations without errors more effectively. Researchers first placed thousands of rubidium atoms in an evacuated container and then used laser and magnetic forces to cool them to near absolute zero temperature to highlight their quantum properties and make it easier for scientists to control the quantum states of the atoms with laser pulses. They first created 280 quantum bits from the atoms and then used another laser pulse to entangle these quantum bit groups to form a logical quantum bit.
IBM and 加州的 Atom Computing have launched quantum computers with more than 1,000 quantum bits,几乎是以前最大的量子 computer 的三倍。但是,这些量子计算机在提高量子比特后,由于更大的量子计算机通常会犯更多的错误,因此没有大幅提高计算能力。为了制造出能够纠正错误的量子计算机,研究人员将重点放在增加其逻辑量子比特的数量上。
Researchers have successfully produced up to 48 logical quantum bits at a time from the atoms, which is 10 times more than the previous logic quantum bits they created.威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的 Mark Saffman said: “Having so many logical quantum bits is a big deal. For any quantum computing platform, this is an amazing result.”
IT 之家附上论文参考地址:
Bluvstein, D., Evered, S.J., Geim, A.A. et al. Logical quantum processor based on reconfigurable atom arrays. Nature (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-023-06927-3
【来源】https://www.ithome.com/0/737/685.htm
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