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【摘要】
美国制药巨头默克(Merck)正面临其历史上最大规模的专利到期挑战。其明星药物Keytruda的专利即将到期,这一消息对投资者来说是一个警示。Keytruda是默克公司赖以生存的重要收入来源,其专利到期后,默克将面临巨大的市场空缺和潜在的股价风险。

近日,巴伦周刊报道指出,默克公司今年预计将从Keytruda药物中获得250亿美元的销售额。然而,随着Keytruda的专利即将到期,默克将面临巨大的市场空缺,这可能导致其股价受到冲击。

Keytruda作为一种革命性的免疫疗法,曾帮助癌症患者延长生存期。自2014年获得美国食品药品监督管理局(FDA)批准以来,Keytruda已成为全球销量最高的药物之一。默克公司为此投入了大量研究,并在临床试验中证实了其疗效。

然而,专利到期意味着仿制药的竞争将加剧。目前,安进(Amgen)和三星生物制剂(Samsung Bioepis)等公司正在测试其Keytruda仿制药。预计到2028年或2029年,将有大量仿制药进入市场。

更令人担忧的是,随着Keytruda进入政府支付降低价格的医疗保险计划,默克公司的收入可能进一步下滑。据FactSet分析,Keytruda的销售峰值预计将在2027年达到333亿美元。

尽管如此,市场对默克的担忧似乎并不充分。在第二季度财报发布前,23位分析师给予默克“买入”评级,仅有5位“持有”评级,没有一位“卖出”评级。过去三年,默克股价上涨了64%,远超标准普尔500指数。

然而,与面临类似专利问题的辉瑞和百时美施贵宝相比,默克的估值仍然保持稳定。默克的股票交易价格为明年预估收益的12倍,而辉瑞和百时美施贵宝的市盈率分别为11倍和7倍。

根据历史经验,默克可能在2029年或2030年面临大约160亿美元的营收空缺。但考虑到Keytruda市场的巨大规模、仿制药竞争的复杂性和医疗保险价格谈判计划的创新性,这一预测充满不确定性。


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