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正文:

近日,中国农业大学动物科学技术学院动物繁殖与发育科学系岳媛博士和任立坤博士为论文共同第一作者、田见晖教授和安磊教授为论文共同通讯,在美国科学院院刊(PNAS)正式发表了题为Mitochondrial genome undergoes de novo DNA methylation that protects mtDNA against oxidative damage during the peri-implantation window的研究论文。该研究揭示了早期胚胎通过线粒体DNA de novo甲基化(de novo mtDNA methylation)保护线粒体基因组稳定性的全新机制。

在早期哺乳动物胚胎中,线粒体氧化代谢增强是着床后生存和发育的重要特征;着床前期的线粒体重塑是正常胚胎发生的关键事件。这些变化中,氧化磷酸化(OXPHOS)增强对于支持着床后胚胎的高能量需求至关重要,但线粒体氧化代谢的增强,同时也导致线粒体内大量ROS的积累,由此产生的线粒体氧化应激会破坏早期胚胎线粒体DNA(mtDNA)稳定性。

研究团队发现线粒体基因组经历了mtDNA从头甲基化,可以保护mtDNA免受着床前窗口期间氧化增强的损伤。线粒体基因组在由囊胚向附植后胚胎发育的过程中,发生广泛的mtDNA甲基化,从而在囊胚的低甲基化状态中建立相对高甲基化的mtDNA。机制研究表明,DN甲基转移酶3A(DNMT3A)和DNMT3B在这个过程中进入线粒体并通过特异性线粒体定位序列(MTS)与mtDNA结合。功能丧失和获得实验表明,DNMT3A和DNMT3B负责协同催化mtDNA从头甲基化。

最后,通过体内和体外实验进行验证,结果证实了增加的mtDNA甲基化功能可以保护线粒体基因组免受线粒体氧化应激增加诱导的mtDNA损伤,维持线粒体基因组稳定性。

总的来说,本研究结果揭示了关键围发育期mtDNA甲基化动态及其潜在机制,并揭示了线粒体表观遗传重塑与代谢变化之间的功能相关性,证明了核基因组-线粒体在建立线粒体表观遗传学和维持线粒体稳态中的作用。

关键词:中国农大;线粒体;mtDNA;胚胎;甲基化;DNMT;氧化损伤;线粒体基因组稳定性


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