Introduction
In the rapidly expanding cosmos, NorthStar Earth & Space, a Canadian startup established in 2015 and headquartered in Montreal, is pioneering a novel approach to address the growing problem of space debris. With a focus on software analysis for forestry, agriculture, urban planning, and space object tracking, NorthStar aims to launch a constellation of satellites capable of monitoring and tracking smaller space debris more effectively. This initiative could potentially lead to the first commercial satellite constellation designed to detect space debris.
The Challenge of Existing Space Debris Detection Systems
Current space debris detection systems largely rely on ground-based radar and telescopes. However, these methods are often limited by weather conditions and struggle to monitor objects smaller than 10 centimeters. NorthStar’s proposed solution involves deploying a constellation of 40 satellites, each equipped with Earth observation cameras (high spectral and infrared) and optical cameras for orbital tracking. This constellation, designed in collaboration with The Space Alliance, is expected to significantly enhance the monitoring of space debris.
NorthStar’s Funding and Development
In 2018, NorthStar completed a $38 million funding round, with a substantial portion, approximately $10 million, coming from the Canadian government, as reported by MIT Technology Review. The company’s plans include commencing commercial services in 2021, providing a critical service in the increasingly crowded space environment.
Satellite Specifications and Functionality
Each satellite, weighing around 700 kilograms, will carry instruments necessary for Earth observation and orbital tracking. They will be positioned across various orbital heights, including low, medium, and geostationary orbits. The software developed by NorthStar will analyze the data generated, predicting potential collision risks.
Addressing the Increasing Crowdedness of Space
The decision to launch more satellites to monitor space debris might seem paradoxical, given the risk of creating more debris. However, the necessity arises from the limitations of existing monitoring techniques. Ground-based radar systems and telescopes, while effective, are impacted by atmospheric conditions and require processing of data. The use of satellites offers a more adaptable and efficient solution, especially with their ability to operate from higher orbital positions, which can track debris over a broader area with greater accuracy.
The Scale of Space Debris and the Need for Action
The European Space Agency (ESA) has estimated that as of January 2019, there are approximately 130 million in-orbit debris, with 34,000 objects larger than 10 centimeters and the vast majority (over 128 million) being smaller than 1 centimeter. However, only about 20,000 of these are continuously monitored by the US military. This leaves a significant risk, with debris orbiting Earth at speeds exceeding 30,000 kilometers per hour, capable of causing substantial damage even from a small fragment.
The Future of Space Debris Management
With plans for a significant increase in the number of satellites, the future of space will likely see more complex orbital environments. NorthStar and similar companies are part of a global effort to address space debris issues. Other organizations, such as Astroscale, RemoveDEBRIS, and SpaceX’s Starlink, are also working on solutions.
Economic and Collaborative Challenges
For commercial companies, the costs associated with satellite construction, launch, and maintenance are substantial. The question of who will pay for this service remains open, and there is a growing consensus that partnerships with government agencies, like NASA, are crucial for effective space debris management. Relying solely on commercial orders might increase operational risks for these companies.
Conclusion
NorthStar Earth & Space’s innovative approach to space debris management represents a significant step forward in addressing a critical global challenge. By leveraging a constellation of satellites, the company aims to enhance the monitoring of space debris, paving the way for more sustainable space exploration and utilization. As the space environment becomes increasingly crowded, the success of such initiatives will be crucial in ensuring the long-term health and safety of our cosmos.
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