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上海枫泾古镇一角_20240824上海枫泾古镇一角_20240824
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复旦大学、香港大学以及中国科学院的研究团队近日在人工智能领域取得重大突破,他们开发出一种受大脑动态运算启发的动态神经网络,大幅降低了能耗并提高了视觉处理性能。该网络基于语义记忆,通过软硬件协同设计,实现了2D和3D视觉的超强处理能力。

大脑启发的动态运算优势

传统的静态人工智能模型在处理信息时,无法像人脑那样将输入与过去的经验相联系。大脑的动态重构和联想记忆能力使其在低能耗下执行复杂任务,而这种能力一直是人工智能领域追求的目标。新提出的动态神经网络设计,正是借鉴了大脑的这种高效计算方式。

硬件软件协同创新

研究团队提出了一种使用忆阻器的基于语义记忆的动态神经网络。忆阻器作为新兴的硬件设备,其物理特性类似于大脑的突触,使得计算和存储能够融合在同一位置,有效解决了冯·诺依曼架构中的计算与存储分离问题。网络与语义存储器分别在内存计算(CIM)和内容可寻址存储器(CAM)电路上实现,增强了动态适应性和处理效率。

实际应用验证

研究人员在40纳米忆阻器宏上验证了该设计,应用在ResNet和PointNet++上,对MNIST和ModelNet数据集的图像和三维点进行分类。实验结果显示,新设计不仅保持了与软件相当的准确度,还显著降低了计算预算(分别减少48.1%和15.9%),并极大地减少了能耗(降低77.6%和93.3%)。

研究成果发表

这项研究以《基于忆阻器的语义记忆动态神经网络用于2D和3D视觉》为题,于2024年8月14日发表在《Science Advances》上。这一突破性进展为人工智能的低能耗和高效运算提供了新的设计思路,预示着未来AI在处理复杂视觉任务时将更加接近人脑的智能水平,且在资源受限的环境中有巨大的应用潜力。

结语

复旦、港大团队的这一创新成果,不仅为人工智能领域开辟了新的研究方向,也为未来智能汽车、数字化转型和其他依赖高效视觉处理的行业提供了可能的技术革新。随着技术的进一步发展,我们可以期待更加智能、节能的AI解决方案在多个领域大放异彩。

【source】https://www.jiqizhixin.com/articles/2024-08-26-16

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