##中国剪纸：东西方文化审美的共通性
**中新社呼和浩特8月21日电** 题：中国剪纸包含了中西方文化审美的哪些共通性？
入选“人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录”的中国剪纸，是民俗活动的重要组成部分，在不同民族的社会生活中交融传承。内蒙古和林格尔民间剪纸可追溯至汉魏时期，生活在此的北方马背民族开启了剪纸的先河。如今，以和林格尔民间剪纸为代表的“草原剪纸派”在中西方文化互鉴的课堂中不断发展。
中国剪纸为何能受到海外关注？为何能走进国外课堂？中国剪纸在东西方文明互鉴中起到什么样的作用？中国剪纸(和林格尔剪纸)国家级代表性传承人、内蒙古剪纸学会会长段建珺近日接受中新社“东西问”专访，就上述问题进行了深入探讨。
段建珺表示，中国剪纸作为一种用剪刀或刻刀在纸上剪刻花纹的民间艺术，在中华大地拥有深厚的群体基础。其传承赓续的视觉形象和造型格式，蕴涵了丰富的文化历史信息，表达了民众的社会认知、道德观念、生活理想和审美情趣，具有认知、教化、表意、抒情、娱乐、交往等多重社会价值。
“剪纸是一门‘易学’却‘难精’的民间技艺，作者大多为乡村妇女和民间艺人，”段建珺说，“他们以现实生活中的见闻事物作题材，对物象观察，全凭纯朴的感情与直觉的印象为基础，因此形成剪纸艺术浑厚、单纯、简洁，明快的特殊风格，反映了中国农民朴实无华的精神。”
段建珺还指出，中国民间剪纸皆是“以象寓意”“以意构象”来造型，善于用比兴的手法创造出多种吉祥物，将丰衣足食、人丁兴旺、健康长寿、万事如意等朴素的愿望，借托剪纸传达出来。
“草原剪纸派”是内蒙古剪纸传承人几十年来，探索剪纸传承和发展的文化成果，它是在以北疆草原具有代表性民间文化传承的基础上，形成的一种新的剪纸形态。草原剪纸派以反映北疆大地上各民族现实生活、历史典故、民风民俗等题材为主要表现对象，而在剪纸技法、文化内蕴上又保留地域古老的剪纸文化传统。
段建珺认为，中国剪纸的艺术魅力在于其对自然、生命和美的独特理解，以及对美好生活的追求和表达。这种审美追求与西方文化中的自然主义、浪漫主义等艺术理念有着共通之处。中国剪纸的简洁、概括、象征性等艺术特点，也与西方现代艺术中的抽象主义、极简主义等风格有着相似之处。
“中国剪纸在东西方文明互鉴中发挥着重要的作用，”段建珺说，“它不仅是中华民族传统文化的瑰宝，也是世界文化宝库中不可或缺的一部分。通过剪纸艺术的交流与传播，可以增进不同文化之间的理解和尊重，促进世界文化的繁荣发展。”
英语如下：
##Paper Cutting: A Cultural Code Shared by East and West
**Keywords:**Paper cutting, commonality, East and West
**China News Service, Hohhot, August 21 (Xinhua)** Paper cutting, a folk art inscribed on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity,is an important part of folk activities and is passed down through different ethnic groups. Folk paper cutting in Helingeer, Inner Mongolia, can be traced backto the Han and Wei dynasties, when the northern nomadic people on horseback began the art form. Today, the “Grassland Paper Cutting School,” represented by Helingeer folk paper cutting, continues to develop in the classroom of cultural exchange betweenthe East and West.
Why has Chinese paper cutting attracted international attention? Why has it made its way into foreign classrooms? What role does Chinese paper cutting play in the mutual learning of Eastern and Western civilizations? Duan Jianjun, a national-level representative inheritor of Chinese paper cutting (Helingeer paper cutting) and president of the Inner Mongolia Paper Cutting Society, recently gave an in-depth interview to China News Service’s “East and West” program to discuss these issues.
Duan Jianjun said that Chinese paper cutting, a folk artthat uses scissors or knives to cut patterns on paper, has a deep foundation in China. Its continuously inherited visual images and stylistic formats contain rich cultural and historical information, expressing people’s social cognition, moral concepts, life ideals and aesthetic tastes, and have multiple social values such as cognition, education, expression, lyricism, entertainment, and communication.
“Paper cutting is a folk art that is ‘easy to learn’ but ‘difficult to master,'” Duan Jianjun said. “The creators are mostly rural women and folk artists. They draw on the things they see and experience in real life, and their observations are based on pure emotionsand intuitive impressions. This has resulted in a unique style of paper cutting that is thick, simple, concise, and bright, reflecting the simple and unpretentious spirit of Chinese farmers.”
Duan Jianjun also pointed out that Chinese folk paper cutting uses “symbolism” and “imagery” to create shapes,and is adept at using allegory to create various auspicious objects, conveying simple wishes such as abundance, prosperity, longevity, and good fortune through paper cutting.
The “Grassland Paper Cutting School” is the cultural achievement of Inner Mongolia paper cutting inheritors over decades of exploring the inheritance and development of paper cutting. It isa new form of paper cutting that has emerged on the basis of the inheritance of folk culture that is representative of the northern frontier grasslands. The Grassland Paper Cutting School mainly focuses on reflecting the real life, historical anecdotes, and folk customs of various ethnic groups on the northern frontier grasslands, while retaining the ancient paper cutting culturaltraditions of the region in terms of paper cutting techniques and cultural connotations.
Duan Jianjun believes that the artistic charm of Chinese paper cutting lies in its unique understanding of nature, life, and beauty, as well as its pursuit and expression of a better life. This aesthetic pursuit shares common ground with artistic concepts such asnaturalism and romanticism in Western culture. The simplicity, generalization, and symbolism of Chinese paper cutting also share similarities with styles such as abstract art and minimalism in Western modern art.
“Chinese paper cutting plays an important role in the mutual learning of Eastern and Western civilizations,” Duan Jianjun said. “It is notonly a treasure of Chinese traditional culture, but also an indispensable part of the world’s cultural heritage. Through the exchange and dissemination of paper cutting art, we can enhance understanding and respect between different cultures and promote the prosperity of world culture.”
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2024/08-21/10272602.shtml
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