##美海军造船业陷入困境：25年来最糟糕状态，人才短缺成最大难题
**参考消息网8月20日报道** 据美联社8月12日报道，美国海军造船业正处于“25年来最糟糕状态”，面临着前所未有的困境。劳动力短缺是导致舰船建造和维护工作积压的主要原因之一，而这一问题也引发了美国海军实力下降的担忧。
威斯康星州马里内特海事公司的焊工卢卡斯·安德烈尼是众多接受雇主赞助培训的年轻工人之一。然而，尽管造船厂面临着招聘难题，但留住员工也同样困难。
国会预算办公室资深海军分析师埃里克·拉布斯指出，海军造船业目前处于“糟糕的状态”，问题积重难返。他表示，海军面临着不断扩大的全球威胁，而舰船建造和维护工作的积压将严重影响其应对能力。
马里内特海事公司与海军签订了建造6艘导弹护卫舰的合同，但该公司目前的人手仅能满足每年建造一艘护卫舰的需求。造船业面临着老工人退休、经验流失，以及新一代工人不愿从事造船工作等问题。
为了解决人才短缺问题，全国各地的造船厂都建立了培训学院，并与技术学院合作，为工人提供建造高科技战舰所需的技能。潜艇制造商和海军也结成联盟，共同促进制造业职业发展。
然而，安德烈尼表示，一些年轻人对造船业存在误解，认为工作环境恶劣、不安全，因此不愿加入。但他强调，事实并非如此，他的健康福利比以前的工作更好，并且有机会掌握更高级的技能。
海军也试图帮助造船厂留住新员工。在威斯康星州，海军向马里内特海事公司提供了1亿美元的资金，其中一部分将用于该公司的留职金。海军部长卡洛斯·德尔托罗表示，该公司过去的员工留职率“非常糟糕”。
美国造船业目前面临的困境，很大程度上要归咎于海军自身。海军经常在造船厂开工后更改要求，要求升级和调整设计，导致成本增加和建造延误。
此外，全球威胁性质的不断变化也给海军造船业带来了新的挑战。海军不得不适应各种危险局面，包括来自中国和俄罗斯海军的日益激烈的竞争。
美国海军造船业的困境，不仅影响着美国海军实力，也反映了美国制造业人才短缺的现状。如何解决人才短缺问题，将成为美国海军未来发展的重要课题。
英语如下：
##US Navy Shipbuilding Industry in Worst Shape in 25 Years, FacingSevere Labor Shortage
**Keywords:** Shipbuilding, Crisis, Recruitment
**Reference News Network, August 20, 2023** The US Navy shipbuilding industry is in its “worst shape in 25 years,”facing unprecedented challenges. Labor shortages are one of the main reasons for the backlog in ship construction and maintenance, raising concerns about the decline of the US Navy’sstrength.
Lucas Andreini, a welder at Marinette Marine in Wisconsin, is one of many young workers who received employer-sponsored training. However, while shipyards face recruitment difficulties, retaining employees is equally challenging.
Eric Labs, asenior naval analyst at the Congressional Budget Office, points out that the Navy shipbuilding industry is currently in a “terrible state” with deep-rooted problems. He says the Navy faces growing global threats, and the backlog in ship construction and maintenance willseverely impact its ability to respond.
Marinette Marine has a contract with the Navy to build six guided-missile frigates, but the company currently has enough staff to build only one frigate per year. The shipbuilding industry is facing issues such as the retirement of older workers, loss of experience, and a reluctance among thenew generation to pursue shipbuilding careers.
To address the labor shortage, shipyards across the country have established training academies and partnered with technical colleges to equip workers with the skills needed to build advanced warships. Submarine manufacturers and the Navy have also formed alliances to promote careers in manufacturing.
However, Andreini says some young peoplehave misconceptions about the shipbuilding industry, believing it to be a harsh and unsafe work environment. He emphasizes that this is not the case, and he enjoys better health benefits than his previous job and has the opportunity to learn more advanced skills.
The Navy is also trying to help shipyards retain new employees. In Wisconsin,the Navy provided Marinette Marine with $100 million in funding, part of which will be used for the company’s retention bonuses. Navy Secretary Carlos Del Toro said the company’s previous employee retention rate was “terrible.”
The current predicament of the US shipbuilding industry can be largely attributed to the Navy itself.The Navy often changes its requirements after shipyards begin construction, demanding upgrades and design adjustments, leading to increased costs and construction delays.
Furthermore, the changing nature of global threats has presented new challenges for the Navy shipbuilding industry. The Navy has had to adapt to various dangerous situations, including increasing competition from Chinese and Russian navies.
The crisis in the US Navy shipbuilding industry not only affects the strength of the US Navy but also reflects the current shortage of manufacturing talent in the US. How to address the labor shortage will be a crucial issue for the future development of the US Navy.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gj/2024/08-20/10271842.shtml
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