科技日报讯（记者马爱平）近日，中国工程院院士胡培松团队在两系杂交水稻研究领域取得重要突破，成功创制了籽粒中镉和砷超低积累的两系杂交水稻。这项研究成果为镉砷等重金属复合污染地区的稻米生产提供了新的解决方案，有助于保障粮食安全和人民健康。
稻米中镉和砷过量积累对人类健康构成严重威胁。由于水稻生长环境中的土壤镉砷含量较高，传统的筛选方法难以同时降低两种重金属的含量。胡培松院士带领的研究团队通过基因工程技术，在中嘉早17和C两优17系列杂交稻中分别筛选出能够有效降低镉含量的关键基因，并创制出低镉品种株系。同时，利用水稻砷吸收转运主效基因，研究人员还成功创制了携带不同镉和砷调控基因的植株。
通过配组杂交，研究人员在大田种植环境下对杂交稻组合籽粒进行了重金属元素测定。结果显示，携带镉调控基因的水稻籽粒中镉含量显著降低，携带砷调控基因的水稻籽粒中砷含量也显著降低。同时，携带镉砷调控基因的水稻籽粒中镉和砷含量进一步降低。
最终，结合稻米品质测定和综合农艺性状考查，研究人员筛选出镉、砷同步超低积累且综合性状表现优良的杂交稻品系及最优等位基因型组合。这一成果不仅有助于提升稻米品质安全，确保大米消费人群健康，也为镉砷等重金属复合污染地区的稻米生产提供了科学依据和实际应用价值。
英语如下：
News Title: “China Makes New Breakthrough in Rice: Super-low Accumulation of Cadmium and Arsenic Hybrid Rice Introduced”
Keywords: Cadmium-Arsenic Rice, Low Accumulation, Hybrid Creation
News Content:
BEIJING, March 28, 2023 — A team led by Hú Pǔsōng, a member of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, has made a significant breakthrough in the field of two-line hybrid rice research. They have successfully created a new type of two-line hybrid rice with super-low accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in its grains. This research achievement provides a new solution for rice production in areas with heavy metal pollution, contributing to food safety and public health.
Excessive accumulation of cadmium and arsenic in rice poses a serious threat to human health. Due to high levels of cadmium and arsenic in the soil where rice grows, traditional selection methods have been unable to reduce the content of both heavy metals simultaneously. Under the leadership of Hú Pǔsōng, the research team used genetic engineering techniques to screen out key genes that effectively reduce cadmium levels in rice grains from the hybrid rice varieties Zhajia17 and C two-line 17, creating low-cadmium varieties. Meanwhile, by utilizing the dominant genes for arsenic absorption and transport in rice, the researchers also successfully developed plants carrying different genes for cadmium and arsenic regulation.
Through hybridization and field testing, the researchers measured heavy metal elements in the grains of the hybrid rice combinations. The results showed a significant reduction in cadmium content in grains carrying cadmium-regulating genes and a significant reduction in arsenic content in grains carrying arsenic-regulating genes. Moreover, grains carrying both cadmium and arsenic-regulating genes had further reduced levels of both metals.
Finally, by combining rice grain quality testing and comprehensive agronomic trait evaluations, the researchers selected a hybrid rice variety with super-low accumulation of both cadmium and arsenic and outstanding comprehensive traits, along with the optimal allele combinations. This achievement not only helps to improve the safety of rice grain quality and ensure the health of rice consumers but also provides scientific evidence and practical value for rice production in areas with heavy metal pollution.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2024/07-30/10259947.shtml
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