中新网上海7月26日电 (记者 陈静)记者26日从上海市绿化和市容管理局方面获悉，崇明东滩候鸟栖息地(上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区，简称：崇明东滩)成功晋升为世界自然遗产。
当地时间7月26日，在印度首都新德里举行的第46届联合国教科文组织世界遗产委员会会议上，中国黄(渤)海候鸟栖息地(第二期)顺利通过遗产委员会评审，成功被列入《世界遗产名录》。据悉，世界遗产委员会以重大边界调整的形式，将上海崇明东滩、山东东营黄河口、河北沧州南大港、辽宁大连蛇岛——老铁山和辽宁丹东鸭绿江口五处提名地扩展列入《世界遗产名录》。2019 年，中国黄(渤)海候鸟栖息地(第一期)成功列入《世界遗产名录》。
上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区地处中国第三大岛——崇明岛的最东端，位于黄海生态区南缘，是河口湿地生态系统和珍稀野生动物栖息地保存最完整的区域，同时也是候鸟东亚——澳大利西亚迁飞区的中间节点。
上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区内共记录到鸟类300余种，其中有22种全球受胁物种，19种国家一级保护动物和59种国家二级保护动物。据相关调查显示，有12种水鸟数量曾达到或超过迁飞区种群数量的1%。是中国履行国际有关公约和协定的重要窗口，丰富的生物多样性使崇明东滩在世界范围内也具有重要的生态价值。
上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区的互花米草生态控制与鸟类栖息地优化工程是迄今为止国内外生态保护、湿地修复领域投入最大、规模最大的工程之一。该项目的成功实施，对提升中国滨海湿地生态系统修复的能力和水平，促进滨海湿地的有效保护与管理具有极佳的示范意义。
20世纪90年代末，外来入侵植物互花米草开始在上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区内快速扩散蔓延，造成芦苇等土著植物群落面积不断萎缩，严重危害滩涂底栖生物的发育生长，进而影响到迁徙鸟类在滩涂湿地的取食和休息。从2013年9月开始，该保护区实施了互花米草生态控制与鸟类栖息地优化工程，主动采取生态学与工程学相结合的途径，有效地控制互花米草生长扩张并修复鸟类栖息地功能，营造了近25平方公里的优质栖息地，维持和扩大了鸟类种群数量。
此次崇明东滩候鸟栖息地晋升世界自然遗产，不仅是对其自然生态价值的肯定，也为全球生物多样性的保护提供了中国经验和中国智慧。上海崇明东滩鸟类国家级自然保护区的成功案例，也为其他国家和地区在湿地保护和修复方面提供了可借鉴的范例。
英语如下：
News Title: Chongming Dongtan Earns Recognition as a World Natural Heritage Site
Keywords: World Heritage, Chongming Dongtan, Waterbird Habitat
News Content:
SHANGHAI, July 26 (Xinhua) — A Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat in Shanghai has been successfully upgraded to a world natural heritage site, local authorities announced on Tuesday.
The Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat, also known as the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird Protection Area, was elevated to the status of a world natural heritage site at the 46th session of the UNESCO World Heritage Committee held in New Delhi, India, on Tuesday.
The Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat, part of the Yellow (Bohai) Sea waterbird habitat in China, was approved by the committee and included in the World Heritage List. The committee expanded the list by making significant boundary adjustments to include five nominated sites: Chongming Dongtan in Shanghai, Dongying Donghai in Shandong, the South Haihe Bay in Hebei, the Snake Island-Laotieshan in Liaoning, and the Yanjiagang Estuary in Dandong, Liaoning. The first phase of the Yellow (Bohai) Sea waterbird habitat was successfully listed in the World Heritage List in 2019.
Located at the easternmost tip of China’s third-largest island, Chongming Island, and in the southern part of the Yellow Sea ecological zone, the Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat is the area with the most intact estuarine wetland ecosystems and habitats for rare wildlife. It also serves as an intermediate node in the East Asian-Australasian flyway for migratory birds.
The Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat has recorded over 300 bird species, including 22 globally threatened species, 19 national first-class protected animals, and 59 national second-class protected animals. According to relevant surveys, 12 species of waterbirds have populations that have reached or exceeded 1% of the total populations in the flyway. The Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat is an important window for China’s implementation of international conventions and agreements, and its rich biodiversity gives Chongming Dongtan significant ecological value worldwide.
The ecological control of the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora and the optimization of bird habitats at the Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat is one of the largest ecological conservation and wetland restoration projects in both China and abroad. The successful implementation of this project has set a great example for enhancing China’s ability to restore coastal wetland ecosystems and for promoting the effective protection and management of coastal wetlands.
By the end of the 1990s, the invasive plant Spartina alterniflora began to spread rapidly in the Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat, causing the area of native reed beds to shrink and severely affecting the development and growth of subtidal organisms in the mudflats, thereby impacting the feeding and resting of migratory birds in the estuarine wetlands. Since September 2013, the protected area has implemented an ecological control and habitat optimization project for Spartina alterniflora and waterbirds, taking a combined approach of ecology and engineering to effectively control the growth of Spartina alterniflora and restore the habitat functions for waterbirds, creating nearly 25 square kilometers of high-quality habitats and maintaining and expanding bird populations.
The elevation of the Chongming Dongtan waterbird habitat to a world natural heritage site not only affirms its natural ecological value but also provides Chinese experience and wisdom for the global protection of biodiversity. The success of the Shanghai Chongming Dongtan Bird Protection Area also offers a replicable example for other countries and regions in the protection and restoration of wetlands.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/07-26/10258240.shtml
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