【中新健康】“超雄”真会导致暴力犯罪吗？专家：缺少证据支持
近期，关于超雄综合征的讨论在网络上引起了广泛关注。广东省医学会计划生育分会委员、广东省生殖医院优生遗传科副主任李铭臻对此表示，个体基因中含有XYY（即超雄综合征）并不意味着该个体就一定智力低下或者存在暴力倾向等精神疾病。他认为，一个人个性的形成与家庭环境、教育环境具有很大的关系。
超雄综合征是一种染色体病，表现为男性在正常22对常染色体和一对性染色体的基础上多出一条Y染色体。这种病症通常发生在父亲的精子形成过程中，若精子携带Y染色体与卵子结合，形成的胚胎细胞就会出现两条Y染色体。据统计，这一病症在男性新生婴儿中的发病率约为1/500至1/1000。
超雄综合征患者的特征并不明显，通常包括身材高大、肌张力低、动作不协调、面部不对称、耳长等。在行为和情绪方面，部分患者可能出现缺乏耐心、易激惹、冲动暴力行为等。在学习交流方面，一些患者可能在语言发音、词汇量、注意力、记忆力等方面存在一定的困难。
值得注意的是，虽然有研究指出监狱中罪犯的XYY核型比例偏高，但这并不代表所有XYY个体都容易犯罪。实际上，面向普通人群的XYY核型占比数据至今仍缺乏。因此，将“超雄综合征者容易犯罪”这一说法作为普遍规律并不成立，也不公平。在普通人群中，同样有XYY核型的个体没有任何异常表征，他们如果没有进行基因检测，可能一辈子都不知道自己有这样的染色体核型。
超雄综合征的绝大多数患者在生育能力、智力发育等方面与正常男性没有明显的统计学差异。广东省生殖医院在过去十年中，对12000多例存在生育问题的男性患者进行了检测，其中只有9例被查出有XYY核型，而这9个病例并未表现出暴力倾向或智力低下的特征。
对于孕妇来说，随着内地产前诊断技术的发展及普及，目前可以通过基因检测、羊水穿刺、无创DNA筛查等手段，在12周以上时检测胎儿是否健康。如果检测结果显示胎儿是XYY，医生会向孕妇夫妇告知情况，最终的决定权在于孕妇夫妇自身。在确认胎儿出生后具有异常表征的情况下，医生会根据具体情况进行相应的医疗指导和建议。
综上所述，超雄综合征与暴力犯罪之间的关联并未得到充分的证据支持。家庭环境、教育环境以及个体自身的心理发展才是影响个性形成的关键因素。对于孕妇而言，科学的产前诊断技术为他们提供了更多选择和保障，而最终的决定权应由孕妇夫妇根据自身情况做出。
英语如下：
Headline: “Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome: Unraveling the Truth from Misunderstandings, Expert Insights”
Keywords: Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome, Violent Crime, Expert Opinion
News Content: [“New Health China”] Does having a Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome really lead to violent crime? Experts say there’s a lack of evidence to support this.
Recently, discussions about Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome have sparked widespread attention online. Li Mingzhen, a member of the Guangdong Medical Association’s Family Planning Committee and deputy director of the Department of Reproductive Genetics at Guangdong Reproductive Hospital, argues that an individual with the XYY genetic configuration (Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome) does not necessarily imply intellectual disability or a predisposition to mental illnesses. He posits that an individual’s personality is largely shaped by their environment, including family and educational settings.
Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome is a chromosomal disorder characterized by an additional Y chromosome in males, beyond the usual 22 pairs of autosomes and a single sex chromosome. This condition typically arises during the formation of sperm when a sperm cell carrying a Y chromosome fuses with an egg cell, resulting in an embryo with two Y chromosomes. The incidence rate of this condition in newborn males is estimated to be around 1 in 500 to 1 in 1000.
Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome patients exhibit subtle characteristics, including tall stature, low muscle tone, uncoordinated movements, facial asymmetry, and longer ears. Behaviorally and emotionally, some patients may show signs of impatience, irritability, and impulsive violent behavior. In terms of learning and communication, some patients may struggle with language pronunciation, vocabulary, attention, and memory.
Notably, while some studies suggest that a higher proportion of XYY nuclear types are found among prison inmates, this does not imply that all individuals with XYY are prone to crime. In fact, data on the prevalence of XYY nuclear types in the general population is still lacking. Therefore, labeling individuals with Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome as more likely to commit crimes as a universal rule is neither justified nor fair. In the general population, individuals with XYY nuclear types may show no unusual characteristics at all, and without genetic testing, they may remain unaware of their chromosomal abnormalities for their entire lives.
For the majority of individuals with Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome, there are no statistically significant differences in fertility and intellectual development compared to normal males. Over the past decade, the Guangdong Reproductive Hospital has tested over 12,000 male patients with fertility issues, only finding 9 cases with XYY nuclear types, and none of these cases exhibited signs of aggression or intellectual impairment.
For pregnant women, advances and widespread availability of prenatal diagnostic technologies, such as genetic testing, amniocentesis, and non-invasive DNA screening, enable detection of fetal health from 12 weeks onwards. If the test indicates the fetus has an XYY configuration, the doctor informs the pregnant couple, leaving the final decision to them. In cases where the fetus is found to have abnormal characteristics post-birth, doctors provide appropriate medical guidance and suggestions based on the specific situation.
In conclusion, the association between Hyper-Masculinity Syndrome and violent crime has not been substantiated by sufficient evidence. Family environment, educational environment, and an individual’s psychological development are the key factors influencing personality formation. For pregnant women, scientific prenatal diagnostic technologies offer them more choices and safeguards, with the ultimate decision resting with the pregnant couple based on their circumstances.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/07-23/10256042.shtml
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