随着三伏天的到来，全国多地迎来持续高温天气，其中长沙24日的最高气温甚至达到40.4℃，刷新了当地7月最高气温的纪录。高温不仅让人感到不适，还导致了医院接诊的中暑病例显著增加，其中不乏体温高达40度以上的情况，这被称为热射病，其严重性不容忽视，严重时可能危及生命。
在面对中暑时，网络上流传一种说法：“中暑与细菌或病毒感染引起的发热类似，只要服用退烧药就能降温。”然而，这种说法并未得到科学支持。中暑本质上是由于人体在高温环境中散热功能受阻，体温调节中枢出现问题，而退烧药主要作用于炎症因子的减少或阻止，实际上并不能直接帮助人体降温，反而可能在某些情况下加剧症状。
为了有效应对中暑，正确的做法是：
1. **迅速移至阴凉通风处**：将患者迅速移至室内或阴凉通风的环境，避免日晒。
2. **物理降温**：使用低于7℃的凉水擦拭患者身体，甚至可以将患者浸泡在凉水中，以迅速降低体温。
3. **补充水分和电解质**：中暑患者需要及时补充水分和电解质，以维持体内液体平衡。
4. **紧急就医**：如出现昏迷等症状，应立即送医，尤其是热射病患者，其死亡率极高，及时的医疗干预至关重要。
值得注意的是，虽然网络上流传的说法似乎合理，但实际情况表明，退烧药在中暑应对中并不适用，且错误使用可能会加重病情。因此，面对高温天气，正确的预防措施和应对策略尤为重要，尤其是对于体格健壮的人群，高温下进行剧烈运动或劳作时，同样存在中暑风险。
此外，关于空调使用的节能误区也需要纠正。网络上流传的“先开后关，循环使用”方法实际上并不节省能源。频繁开关空调不仅不会节省能源，反而会增加空调的启动能耗，从而导致整体能耗增加。正确的节能方法是保持空调使用在合适的温度范围内，并根据实际需要调整，避免不必要的能耗。
总之，面对高温天气，科学的中暑应对措施和正确的健康知识普及至关重要，以确保在炎热季节中的安全与健康。
英语如下：
### Misconceptions About Dealing with Heatstroke: Taking Fever Reducers for Cooling is Unwise, Learn the Correct Approach Quickly
As the summer heatwaves, particularly the “Three-Arrows” period, sweep across the nation, multiple regions are witnessing a sustained rise in temperatures, with Changsha reaching a record-breaking high of 40.4°C on the 24th day, surpassing the city’s July temperature records. Beyond discomfort, this extreme heat has led to a significant increase in hospital admissions for heatstroke cases, with some individuals reporting temperatures as high as 40 degrees, which is known as heat stroke, a condition that demands serious attention due to its potential to threaten life.
When facing heatstroke, a common misunderstanding on the internet suggests that “heatstroke is akin to fever caused by bacterial or viral infections, and taking fever-reducing medications can help cool down.” However, this notion lacks scientific backing. Heatstroke occurs when the body fails to regulate its temperature due to high temperatures, and the body’s heat dissipation system is blocked, whereas fever reducers primarily work on reducing inflammation or stopping inflammation, not directly aiding in body cooling, and might even exacerbate symptoms in some situations.
To effectively combat heatstroke, the following correct approach is recommended:
1. **Swift Transfer to a Cool, Well-Ventilated Area**: Move the affected individual to an indoor or shaded, well-ventilated environment, away from direct sunlight.
2. **Physical Cooling**: Apply cool water (below 7°C) to the body, or even submerge the patient in cool water, to rapidly reduce body temperature.
3. **Hydration and Electrolyte Replacement**: Heatstroke patients require immediate replenishment of fluids and electrolytes to maintain body hydration.
4. **Emergency Medical Attention**: If symptoms such as unconsciousness appear, immediate medical attention is crucial, particularly for heat stroke cases, where the mortality rate is exceedingly high, and timely medical intervention is essential.
It’s noteworthy that while some online suggestions might seem plausible, the reality indicates that fever reducers are not applicable in heatstroke situations, and misusing them might worsen the condition. Therefore, in the face of high temperatures, it’s crucial to have the right preventive measures and strategies, especially for those engaging in strenuous physical activities or labor under the heat.
Moreover, misconceptions about energy-saving tips for air conditioning usage also need to be corrected. An online流传 method suggesting “turning on and off the air conditioner, then cycling through usage” does not actually save energy. Frequent switching of the air conditioner does not save energy; instead, it increases the energy consumption during the startup process, leading to a net increase in overall energy use. The correct energy-saving method involves maintaining the air conditioner at an appropriate temperature and adjusting according to actual needs, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption.
In summary, to ensure safety and health during high temperatures, it is imperative to have scientific methods for dealing with heatstroke and to promote accurate health knowledge, ensuring the well-being during the hot summer season.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/07-26/10257626.shtml
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