在一项近期由英国格拉斯哥大学和挪威公共卫生研究所的科学家组成的专家团队所进行的研究中，研究人员发现，坚持健康饮食的女性相比饮食不健康的女性，其生下的孩子患自闭症的风险降低了22%。这项研究的发现，为探讨自闭症风险与母亲孕期饮食之间的潜在联系提供了新的视角，相关成果已发表在《美国医学会杂志·开放网络》上。
### 科研背景与方法
先前的研究已表明，儿童自闭症的风险可能与母亲在孕期的饮食、遗传和环境因素有关，但具体原因仍不明朗。本次研究团队通过两个大型数据库，分别分析了2002年至2008年和1990年至1992年的数据，共计收集了超过95000对母女/子的数据。通过对比分析健康饮食与不健康饮食的母亲所生子女患自闭症的概率，研究团队得出了上述结论。
### 健康饮食定义
研究中所指的健康饮食包括定期摄入蔬菜、水果、坚果、鱼类和全谷物，而避免高脂肪食物、加工肉类、软饮料和精制碳水化合物。这些饮食习惯被认为能够为母亲和胎儿提供更均衡、营养丰富的环境，从而可能影响胎儿的大脑发育和后续行为模式，进而降低自闭症的风险。
### 研究发现
研究发现，坚持健康饮食的母亲所生的孩子患社交或沟通问题的风险降低了24%，且母亲与女儿之间的关联比母亲与儿子之间的关联更强。这可能表明，健康饮食对女性胎儿的影响更为显著，尤其是在社交和沟通能力的发育上。
### 解读与未来研究
尽管这项研究揭示了母亲孕期健康饮食与儿童自闭症风险之间的联系，但研究人员并未完全解释这一现象背后的科学机制。他们推测，这可能与饮食对DNA的影响或免疫过程有关。未来的研究将进一步探索这一假设，并尝试明确饮食如何具体作用于大脑发育，以期为预防自闭症提供更有效的策略。
### 结论与启示
这项研究为自闭症的预防提供了新的思路，强调了母亲孕期健康饮食的重要性。通过促进更健康的饮食习惯，可能有助于降低儿童患自闭症的风险。这一发现对于家庭、公共卫生部门和研究者而言，都是重要的一步，为未来可能的预防措施和干预策略提供了理论依据。
英语如下：
### Healthful Diet Reduces Risk of Autism in Children, Study Finds
In a recent study conducted by a team of scientists from the University of Glasgow and the Norwegian Institute of Public Health, researchers discovered that women who maintained a healthy diet had a 22% lower risk of their children developing autism compared to those with unhealthy diets. This finding offers a new perspective on the potential links between autism risk and maternal prenatal diet, with the results published in the *Journal of the American Medical Association*.
### Research Background and Methodology
Previous studies have suggested that a child’s risk of autism may be influenced by the mother’s diet during pregnancy, genetic factors, and environmental conditions, yet the specific causes remain unclear. The research team, analyzing data from two large databases covering the periods from 2002 to 2008 and 1990 to 1992, compiled over 95,000 sets of mother-child data. By comparing the probability of children developing autism between those born to mothers with healthy and unhealthy diets, the team reached the conclusion presented.
### Definition of a Healthy Diet
In the study, a healthy diet was characterized by regular consumption of vegetables, fruits, nuts, fish, and whole grains, while avoiding high-fat foods, processed meats, soft drinks, and refined carbohydrates. These dietary habits were believed to provide a more balanced and nutritious environment for both the mother and fetus, potentially influencing the development of the fetus’s brain and subsequent behavioral patterns, thus reducing the risk of autism.
### Study Findings
The study revealed that children born to mothers who adhered to a healthy diet had a 24% lower risk of exhibiting social or communication issues. Moreover, the association between a mother’s diet and her daughter was stronger than with her son. This may suggest that healthy dietary impacts on female fetuses are more pronounced, particularly in the development of social and communication skills.
### Interpretation and Future Research
While this study highlights the connection between maternal prenatal healthful diet and the risk of autism in children, researchers have not yet fully elucidated the underlying scientific mechanisms. They speculate that this might be related to dietary effects on DNA or the immune process. Future research will delve deeper into this hypothesis, aiming to clarify how diet specifically impacts brain development, in pursuit of more effective strategies for autism prevention.
### Conclusion and Implications
This study provides a new avenue for the prevention of autism, emphasizing the importance of a healthy diet during pregnancy. By promoting healthier eating habits, there is potential to reduce the risk of autism in children. This discovery is significant for families, public health agencies, and researchers, offering a theoretical foundation for future preventive measures and intervention strategies.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/07-25/10256894.shtml
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