三星堆的青铜神树为何还在不断“长高”？——揭秘古蜀人的宇宙观与信仰体系
随着三星堆遗址的深入挖掘，一件件神秘的文物揭示了古蜀文明的辉煌与奥秘。其中，青铜神树以其独特的造型和丰富的文化内涵，成为了研究古蜀人宇宙观、宗教信仰的重要线索。这些青铜神树历经千年的沧桑，却在文保工作者的努力下，不断找回失去的枝桠，如同它们在古蜀人心中的信仰一样，不断“生长”，跨越时间的长河，再次与世人见面。
三星堆遗址共出土了8棵青铜神树，其中修复完成的有3棵，分别是一号、二号、三号青铜神树。一号神树高达3.96米，是目前中国所见青铜文物中形体最大的一件。它由200多块残件修复而成，展示了古蜀人高超的工艺水平和对神树的崇拜。二号神树最新公布数字化复原成果，与一号神树相同，以一根主树干为轴，分为三层，每层三枝，每枝上有一只立鸟。三号神树高约1.1米，由70多块残件修复，其独特的麻花状主树干和三座人首鸟身的神像，可能代表了太阳神的形象，体现了古蜀人的太阳崇拜。
通过对比分析，我们可以发现这些青铜神树的共性与特性。它们都采用类似的设计，分三层，每层三枝，每枝上立有神鸟，树侧或有神龙相伴。这可能与古蜀人对“十日传说”的信仰有关，每棵神树大小不一，或许代表着其功能和用途不同，或与古蜀人对宇宙的多元理解相呼应。
一号、二号神树上立鸟的翅膀形状不同，分别朝上和朝下，可能象征着树木所在之地为太阳升起和落下的地方，暗示着它们可能分别代表着扶桑和若木的形象。这一细节不仅体现了古蜀人对自然的深刻认知，也反映了他们对太阳神的崇拜和对宇宙秩序的追求。
三星堆青铜神树的不断“长高”，不仅是一次次修复的成果，更是对古蜀人宗教信仰、宇宙观的深入探索。这些文物以无声的方式，讲述着一个古老文明的故事，激发着人们对古代智慧和文化传统的深刻思考。通过不断的考古发现和研究，我们或许能够更全面地理解古蜀文明的全貌，以及它在中华文明发展中的独特地位。
英语如下：
News Title: “The Bronze Sacred Tree of Sanxingdui: Modern Resurrection and Cultural Mysteries of a Thousand-Year-Old Tree”
Keywords: Sanxingdui, Bronze Sacred Tree, Restoration
News Content: Why is the Bronze Sacred Tree of Sanxingdui Continuously “Growing”? —— Unveiling the Cosmology and Religious Beliefs of the Ancient Shu People
As the Sanxingdui site is being excavated in depth, a series of mysterious artifacts reveal the brilliance and mysteries of the ancient Shu civilization. Among them, the Bronze Sacred Tree, with its unique shape and rich cultural connotations, serves as a crucial clue for studying the cosmology and religious beliefs of the ancient Shu people. These Bronze Sacred Trees, which have endured a thousand years of hardships, are being gradually reclaimed by restorers, like their faith in the hearts of the ancient Shu people, continuously “growing” and crossing the long river of time, meeting the world again.
A total of 8 Bronze Sacred Trees have been unearthed from the Sanxingdui site, with 3 fully restored, namely the一号, 二号, and 三号 Bronze Sacred Trees. The一号 Bronze Sacred Tree stands at 3.96 meters tall, making it the largest bronze artifact in China. It is made up of over 200 pieces, demonstrating the ancient Shu people’s superb craftsmanship and their adoration of the sacred tree. The 二号 Bronze Sacred Tree recently revealed its digital reconstruction results, similar to the一号 tree, with a main trunk as the axis, divided into three layers, each with three branches, each branch supporting a standing bird. The 三号 Bronze Sacred Tree is approximately 1.1 meters tall, restored from over 70 pieces. Its unique twisted main trunk and three human-headed bird figures might represent the image of the sun god, embodying the ancient Shu people’s worship of the sun.
By comparing and analyzing, we can find the commonality and uniqueness of these Bronze Sacred Trees. They all use a similar design, divided into three layers, each with three branches, each branch supporting a god bird, and a deity dragon accompanying the tree side. This might be related to the ancient Shu people’s faith in the “Myth of Ten Suns”, where each tree’s size varies, possibly indicating different functions and uses, or echoing the ancient Shu people’s understanding of the universe.
The wings of the birds on the一号 and 二号 Bronze Sacred Trees have different shapes, with one facing up and the other down, possibly symbolizing the place where the tree is located as the place where the sun rises and sets, implying that they might represent the images of the Sun Tree, Fu Sang, and the Sun Tree, Rou Mu. This detail not only reflects the ancient Shu people’s profound understanding of nature but also their worship of the sun god and their pursuit of cosmic order.
The continuous “growth” of the Bronze Sacred Trees of Sanxingdui is not only the result of restoration but also a deep exploration into the religious beliefs and cosmology of the ancient Shu people. These artifacts, speaking silently, tell the story of an ancient civilization, stimulating profound reflections on ancient wisdom and cultural traditions. Through continuous archaeological discoveries and research, we might gain a more comprehensive understanding of the overall picture of the ancient Shu civilization and its unique status in the development of Chinese civilization.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/gn/2024/07-23/10255975.shtml
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