2023年2月29日，国家自然科学基金委员会在京揭晓了本年度“中国科学十大进展”，这些科研成果在生命科学、医学、人工智能、量子科学、天文以及化学能源等多个领域展现出卓越的创新力。这些重大进展不仅展示了中国科研的深度与广度，也为全球科学界贡献了重要智慧。
在人工智能领域，大模型的应用取得了新的突破，为精准天气预报提供了前所未有的可能，极大地提升了气象预测的准确性。生命科学方面，科研人员揭示了人类基因组中“暗物质”驱动衰老的机制，这一发现有望为延缓衰老和相关疾病治疗提供新策略。
在神经科学领域，科学家发现了一种大脑内的“有形”生物钟，揭示了其节律调控机制，为理解生物钟与人体健康的关系提供了新视角。农业科学也取得了实质性进展，农作物耐盐碱机制的解析及应用，将有助于提高在恶劣环境下的粮食生产。
在分子生物学领域，科研人员实现了从单碱基到超大片段DNA的精准操纵，为基因编辑技术带来了革新。此外，关于DNA复制起始的新机制研究，深化了我们对细胞分裂过程的理解。
天文学方面，被誉为“拉索”的高能天文设备发现了史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子，开启了高能天体物理的新篇章。量子科学领域，玻色编码纠错技术成功延长了量子比特的寿命，为量子计算的实用化进程铺平了道路。
在医学研究中，科学家揭示了光感受如何调节血糖代谢，为糖尿病等代谢疾病治疗提供了新思路。而在能源存储研究中，锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应的新机制被发现，这将有助于提高电池性能，推动清洁能源技术的发展。
这些入选的十大进展，是中国科研力量的集中体现，彰显了中国在基础科学研究和技术创新上的强大实力，对全球科学界产生了深远影响。
英语如下：
Title: “China’s Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023 Announced: Breakthroughs in Quantum, Circadian Rhythms, DNA, and More”
Keywords: Top 10 Scientific Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Breakthrough
News Content:
On February 29, 2023, the National Natural Science Foundation of China unveiled this year’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China,” highlighting remarkable innovations across a spectrum of fields, including life sciences, medicine, artificial intelligence, quantum science, astronomy, and chemical energy. These significant advancements not only demonstrate the depth and breadth of Chinese research but also contribute valuable insights to the global scientific community.
In the domain of artificial intelligence, large-scale model applications have made new strides, offering unprecedented possibilities for precise weather forecasting and significantly enhancing meteorological prediction accuracy. In life sciences, researchers uncovered the mechanism by which “dark matter” in the human genome drives aging, a discovery that may pave the way for new strategies to delay aging and treat related diseases.
Neuroscientists have identified a “tangible” circadian clock within the brain, revealing its rhythm调控 mechanism and offering a fresh perspective on the relationship between biological clocks and human health. Agricultural science has also made substantial progress, with the elucidation of salt tolerance mechanisms in crops and their application, which could boost food production under harsh conditions.
In molecular biology, scientists achieved precise manipulation of DNA from single nucleotides to large segments, revolutionizing gene editing technology. Additionally, new insights into the initiation mechanism of DNA replication have deepened our understanding of the cell division process.
In astronomy, the high-energy astronomical facility, known as “LHAASO,” detected the narrowest jet and highest-energy photons ever observed from a gamma-ray burst, ushering in a new era in high-energy astrophysics. In the realm of quantum science, bosonic error correction techniques successfully extended the lifetime of quantum bits, facilitating the practical advancement of quantum computing.
Medical research revealed how light perception regulates glucose metabolism, opening new avenues for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In energy storage studies, a novel mechanism underlying charge storage aggregation reactions in lithium-sulfur battery interfaces was discovered, a finding that could enhance battery performance and propel the development of clean energy technologies.
These ten selected advances showcase the concentrated strength of China’s scientific endeavors and underscore its formidable prowess in fundamental research and technological innovation, exerting profound influence on the global scientific landscape.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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