美国政府近日修订了针对中国的芯片出口管制政策，新规定将于4月4日生效。在这次长达160多页的修订中，美国商务部表示，此举旨在“纠正意外的错误，并明确一些条款”。修订内容涉及多个方面，包括加强对极紫外光刻机（EUV）掩膜和刻蚀机等关键制造设备的出口限制，以及对中国澳门地区和D:5组地区的出口政策，采取更为严格的“推定拒绝”原则。
在公众关注的热点问题上，此次更新对RTX4090显卡的销售限制有所放宽，意味着这款高性能显卡的出口限制可能会得到缓解。同时，对于AI芯片的许可证发放及其例外情况，新规定也明确了适用范围，旨在避免混淆。
值得注意的是，虽然光刻机仍然在管制之列，但新规定似乎允许中国购买较老款的设备，而不是最前沿的技术。这一变化可能会对全球半导体供应链产生影响，同时也反映出美国在维护技术优势与防止技术流失之间寻找平衡的策略。
美国的这一系列举措，反映了全球科技竞争的日益激烈，以及在关键领域技术控制上的不断调整。中国作为全球重要的芯片市场和生产国，如何应对这些新的出口管制挑战，将成为业界关注的焦点。
英语如下：
News Title: “US Chip Controls Tighten: New EUV Lithography Machine Ban, Loosened RTX4090 Restrictions, Direct Impact on Macao, China”
Keywords: US Chip Controls, Lithography Machine Restrictions, RTX4090 Policy
News Content: The US government recently revised its export control policy on chips to China, with the new regulations set to take effect on April 4th. Spanning over 160 pages, the revision, according to the US Department of Commerce, aims to “correct unintended errors and clarify certain provisions.” The updates encompass multiple aspects, including stricter export restrictions on critical manufacturing equipment such as extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUV) masks and etchers, as well as adopting a more rigorous “presumption of denial” policy for exports to Macao, China, and the D:5 group regions.
Addressing a public concern, the update eases restrictions on the sale of RTX4090 graphics cards, suggesting a potential relaxation of export limitations for this high-performance GPU. It also clarifies the scope of AI chip license issuance and exceptions to avoid ambiguity.
Notably, while lithography machines remain under control, the new rules seem to permit China to purchase older models rather than the most cutting-edge technology. This shift could impact the global semiconductor supply chain and underscores the US’s strategy to balance maintaining technological superiority with preventing technology leakage.
These moves reflect the intensifying global tech competition and the continuous adjustment of technology controls in key sectors. As a major global chip market and producer, how China responds to these new export control challenges will be a focal point for the industry.
【来源】https://new.qq.com/rain/a/20240402A09O2G00
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