2月29日，国家自然科学基金委员会在京揭晓了2023年度“中国科学十大进展”，一系列科研成就展示了我国在生命科学、人工智能、量子科技、天文和化学能源等领域的深厚实力和创新活力。
本年度的十大进展中，人工智能领域取得了显著突破，大模型的应用为精准天气预报带来了革新。在生命科学方面，科研人员揭示了人类基因组中“暗物质”对衰老的驱动机制，为抗衰老研究开辟了新路径。大脑生物钟的“有形”存在及其节律调控机制的发现，深化了我们对生物钟与人体健康关系的理解。
在农业科学上，农作物耐盐碱机制的解析及应用，有望改善盐碱地的农业生产。DNA精准操纵技术取得新进展，实现了从单碱基到超大片段的精确操作。在分子生物学领域，科学家揭示了人类细胞DNA复制起始的新机制，对理解细胞增殖过程具有重要意义。
天文学方面，被誉为“拉索”的高能天文设备发现了史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子，刷新了我们对极端宇宙现象的认知。量子科技领域，玻色编码纠错技术成功延长了量子比特的寿命，为量子计算的实用化奠定了基础。此外，科研团队还揭示了光感受如何调节血糖代谢，为糖尿病等代谢性疾病的研究提供了新视角。在能源科学上，锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应的新机制发现，将推动电池技术的进一步优化。
这些重大科研进展表明，中国在基础科学研究方面持续发力，不断推动科技进步，为全球科学探索贡献了重要力量。
英语如下：
**News Title:** “China Reveals Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023: From Quantum to Genomics, Exploring the Frontiers of the Unknown”
**Keywords:** Top 10 Scientific Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Error Correction
**News Content:**
Title: 2023’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China” Announced, Highlighting Major Breakthroughs in Various Fields
On February 29, the National Natural Science Foundation of China unveiled the “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China” for 2023, showcasing the nation’s profound strengths and innovative vitality in life sciences, artificial intelligence, quantum technology, astronomy, and chemical energy.
Among this year’s top advancements, significant breakthroughs were made in artificial intelligence, with the application of large models revolutionizing precision weather forecasting. In life sciences, researchers uncovered the driving mechanism of “dark matter” in the human genome, opening new avenues for anti-aging research. The tangible existence of the biological clock and its rhythmic control mechanisms were discovered, deepening our understanding of the connection between biological clocks and human health.
In agricultural science, the decoding of crop salt-tolerance mechanisms and their application hold promise for improving agriculture on saline-alkali lands. Advances in DNA manipulation technology enabled precise operations from single nucleotides to large DNA segments. In molecular biology, scientists revealed a new mechanism for the initiation of human cell DNA replication, which is crucial for understanding cell proliferation processes.
In astronomy, the high-energy astronomical facility, known as “LHAASO,” detected the narrowest jet and highest-energy photons ever observed from a gamma-ray burst, reshaping our understanding of extreme cosmic phenomena. In the realm of quantum technology, Bose-encoded error correction techniques successfully prolonged the lifetime of quantum bits, laying the groundwork for practical quantum computing. Researchers also shed light on how light perception regulates glucose metabolism, offering a fresh perspective on the study of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In energy science, a new mechanism for interfacial charge storage aggregation reactions in lithium-sulfur batteries was discovered, paving the way for further optimization of battery technology.
These major scientific strides demonstrate China’s continued commitment to fundamental research, propelling科技进步, and contributing significantly to global scientific exploration.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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