2月29日，国家自然科学基金委员会在京公布了本年度“中国科学十大进展”，这些科研成果广泛涉及生命科学和医学、人工智能、量子科学、天文、化学能源等多个关键领域，展示了中国科研的强劲实力和创新活力。
其中，人工智能领域的一大亮点是大模型在精准天气预报中的新突破，这一进展有望提升气象预测的准确性和可靠性。在生命科学领域，科学家揭示了人类基因组中“暗物质”驱动衰老的机制，为抗衰老研究开辟了新的路径。此外，大脑生物钟的物理存在及其节律调控机制的发现，深化了我们对生物钟如何影响生理活动的理解。
在农业科学方面，农作物耐盐碱机制的解析及应用，为改良盐碱地和提高粮食产量提供了科学依据。在基因编辑技术上，新方法实现了从单碱基到超大片段DNA的精准操纵，对基因治疗和遗传病研究具有重大意义。同时，科学家揭示了人类细胞DNA复制起始的新机制，有助于预防和治疗相关遗传疾病。
在天文学领域，被誉为“拉索”的高能天文观测设备发现了史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子，这一发现对理解宇宙极端事件具有里程碑意义。量子科学方面，玻色编码纠错技术成功延长了量子比特的寿命，为构建稳定的量子计算机奠定了基础。而光感受调节血糖代谢机制的揭示，为糖尿病等代谢疾病的治疗提供了新思路。最后，锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应新机制的发现，将促进高能量密度电池技术的进步。
这些科学进展表明，中国在基础研究和应用研究方面持续取得重要突破，为全球科学界贡献了宝贵的科研成果。
英语如下：
**News Title:** “China’s Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023: From Quantum to Genomics, Unveiling Nature’s Secrets and Paving the Way for Future Innovation”
**Keywords:** Top 10 Scientific Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Error Correction
**News Content:**
Title: China’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023” Announced, Highlighting Breakthroughs Across Multiple Frontiers
On February 29, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) unveiled this year’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China,” showcasing groundbreaking research spanning life sciences and medicine, artificial intelligence (AI), quantum science, astronomy, chemical energy, and more, demonstrating the country’s robust scientific prowess and innovative vitality.
In the AI domain, a standout achievement is the new breakthrough in using large models for precision weather forecasting, which could enhance the accuracy and reliability of meteorological predictions. In the life sciences, scientists uncovered the mechanism by which the “dark matter” of the human genome drives aging, opening new avenues for anti-aging research. Furthermore, the discovery of the physical existence and rhythmic control mechanism of the brain’s biological clock deepens our understanding of how these clocks influence physiological activities.
In agricultural science, the elucidation of crop salt tolerance mechanisms and their application paves the way for improving saline-alkali land and boosting food production. In gene editing, a novel method allows for precise manipulation of DNA from single nucleotides to large segments, holding significant implications for gene therapy and genetic disease research. Researchers also revealed a new mechanism for the initiation of human cell DNA replication, contributing to the prevention and treatment of related genetic disorders.
In astronomy, the High Energy Astrophysical Observatory, known as “LHAASO,” detected the narrowest jet and highest-energy photons ever seen from a gamma-ray burst, a discovery that is a milestone in understanding extreme cosmic events. In quantum science, Bose-encoded error correction techniques successfully extended the lifespan of quantum bits, laying the groundwork for stable quantum computers. The revelation of the light-sensing mechanism regulating glucose metabolism offers fresh insights for treating metabolic diseases like diabetes. Lastly, the discovery of a new mechanism in the charge storage aggregation reaction at lithium-sulfur battery interfaces promises advancements in high-energy-density battery technology.
These scientific advancements underscore China’s continuous strides in both fundamental and applied research, contributing valuable scientific achievements to the global scientific community.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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