【2023年2月29日，北京】国家自然科学基金委员会于今日揭晓了本年度的“中国科学十大进展”，这一系列重大科研成果涵盖了生命科学、人工智能、量子科学、天文、化学能源等多个前沿领域，展现出中国科研的强劲势头。
在人工智能领域，大模型的创新应用为精准天气预报开辟了新路径，预示着未来气象预测的准确性将得到大幅提升。生命科学方面，科学家们揭示了人类基因组中“暗物质”的作用，发现其在驱动衰老过程中的关键角色，为延缓衰老提供了新的理论依据。同时，大脑生物钟的物理存在及其节律调控机制的发现，深化了我们对生物钟如何影响人体生理节律的理解。
在农业科研上，农作物耐盐碱机制的解析及其应用，有望改善盐碱地的农业生产，保障粮食安全。在分子生物学领域，科研人员实现了从单碱基到超大片段DNA的精准操纵，对基因编辑技术的进步具有里程碑意义。此外，对人类细胞DNA复制起始新机制的揭示，将有助于预防和治疗与DNA复制异常相关的疾病。
在天文学上，被誉为“拉索”的高能天文观测设备发现史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子，进一步推动了高能天体物理的研究。在量子科学领域，玻色编码纠错技术成功延长了量子比特的寿命，为量子计算的稳定性和可靠性提供了关键保障。而光感受对血糖代谢的调节机制的揭示，为糖尿病等代谢性疾病的研究提供了新的视角。最后，锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应新机制的发现，有望提升电池性能，推动新能源技术的发展。
这些入选的十大进展展示了中国科研在基础研究和应用研究方面的广泛影响力，同时也预示着未来科技领域的更多可能性。国家自然科学基金委员会的这一发布，无疑将激励更多的科研工作者投身于探索未知世界的伟大征程。
英语如下：
**News Title:** “China’s Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023: Extraordinary Breakthroughs from Quantum to Genomics Unveiled”
**Keywords:** Top 10 Scientific Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Error Correction
**News Content:**
**Beijing, February 29, 2023** — The National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) announced today this year’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China,” a series of significant research accomplishments spanning life sciences, artificial intelligence, quantum science, astronomy, chemical energy, and more, demonstrating the robust momentum of China’s scientific endeavors.
In the field of artificial intelligence, innovative applications of large language models have paved the way for more accurate weather forecasting, signaling a future improvement in meteorological prediction. In life sciences, scientists have illuminated the role of “dark matter” in the human genome, identifying its crucial part in the aging process, thus providing new theoretical grounds for slowing down aging. The discovery of the physical existence and rhythm regulation mechanism of the biological clock in the brain deepens our understanding of how it influences human physiological rhythms.
In agricultural research, the elucidation of crop salt-tolerance mechanisms and their applications promise to enhance agricultural production in saline-alkali lands, securing food security. In molecular biology, researchers have achieved precise manipulation of DNA from single bases to large segments, marking a milestone for advancements in gene editing technology. Furthermore, insights into a new mechanism of human cell DNA replication initiation may aid in preventing and treating diseases related to abnormal DNA replication.
In astronomy, the high-energy astronomical observatory, known as “LHAASO,” detected the narrowest jet and highest-energy photons ever observed from a gamma-ray burst, propelling high-energy astrophysics research forward. In quantum science, Bose-encoded error correction techniques have successfully prolonged the lifetime of quantum bits, crucial for the stability and reliability of quantum computing. The revelation of light perception’s role in regulating glucose metabolism offers a fresh perspective on the study of metabolic diseases like diabetes. Lastly, the discovery of a new mechanism in lithium-sulfur battery interface charge storage aggregation reactions holds promise for enhancing battery performance and advancing renewable energy technologies.
These top 10 advances showcase the wide-ranging impact of Chinese research in both basic and applied sciences, foreshadowing even more possibilities in the future of technology. The NSFC’s announcement is bound to motivate more researchers to embark on the grand journey of exploring the unknown world.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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