2月29日，国家自然科学基金委员会在京公布了本年度的“中国科学十大进展”，这些重大科研成果涵盖了生命科学和医学、人工智能、量子科学、天文、化学能源等多个前沿领域，展示了我国在科技创新上的显著成就。
在人工智能领域，大模型的突破为精准天气预报带来了革命性的进展，预示着未来气象预测的精度和可靠性将得到大幅提升。生命科学方面，科学家揭示了人类基因组中“暗物质”驱动衰老的机制，为抗衰老研究开辟了新路径。此外，大脑中“有形”生物钟的存在及其节律调控机制的发现，深化了我们对生物钟与人体健康关系的理解。
农业科技进步也位列其中，农作物耐盐碱机制的解析及应用，有望改善盐碱地的农业生产状况。在基因编辑技术上，新方法实现了从单碱基到超大片段DNA的精准操纵，为基因治疗提供了更为精细的工具。在分子生物学领域，科研人员揭示了人类细胞DNA复制起始的新机制，这一发现对于理解细胞增殖和遗传信息传递至关重要。
天文观测方面，被誉为“拉索”的高能天文设备发现了史上最亮伽马暴的极窄喷流和十万亿电子伏特光子，为理解宇宙极端事件提供了宝贵数据。量子科学领域，玻色编码纠错技术成功延长了量子比特的寿命，推动了量子计算的稳定性和实用性。最后，生物医学研究揭示了光感受如何调节血糖代谢机制，为糖尿病等代谢性疾病治疗提供了新的思路。在电池技术上，锂硫电池界面电荷存储聚集反应的新机制被发现，有望提升电池性能，促进新能源产业的发展。
这些入选的十大进展，不仅是我国科研实力的集中体现，也为全球科学界贡献了宝贵的智慧和创新，展示了中国科学家在探索未知世界、服务社会民生方面的不懈努力和卓越贡献。
英语如下：
**News Title:** “China’s Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023 Unveiled: Quantum, Circadian Rhythms, and Genomic Discoveries Lead Innovation”
**Keywords:** Top 10 Scientific Advances, Artificial Intelligence, Quantum Error Correction
**News Content:**
Title: China’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances of 2023” Announced, Highlighting Innovation across Multiple Fields
On February 29, the National Natural Science Foundation of China unveiled this year’s “Top 10 Scientific Advances in China,” showcasing significant research achievements in life sciences and medicine, artificial intelligence, quantum science, astronomy, chemical energy, and other cutting-edge domains, reflecting the country’s outstanding accomplishments in scientific innovation.
In the field of artificial intelligence, breakthroughs in large language models have revolutionized weather forecasting, predicting a significant increase in the accuracy and reliability of future predictions. In life sciences, scientists have illuminated the mechanism by which “dark matter” in the human genome drives aging, opening new avenues for anti-aging research. Furthermore, the discovery of a “tangible” biological clock in the brain and its rhythm调控 mechanisms has deepened our understanding of the relationship between circadian rhythms and human health.
Agricultural科技进步 also made the list, with the elucidation of mechanisms for crop salt tolerance and their application, potentially improving agricultural production in saline-alkali lands. In gene editing, new methods enable precise manipulation of DNA from single nucleotides to large DNA segments, offering more refined tools for gene therapy. In molecular biology, researchers uncovered a novel mechanism for the initiation of DNA replication in human cells, a finding crucial for understanding cell proliferation and the transmission of genetic information.
In astronomical observations, the high-energy astronomical facility known as “LHAASO” detected the narrowest jet and highest-energy photons ever recorded from a gamma-ray burst, providing invaluable data for understanding extreme cosmic events. In quantum science, Bose-encoded error correction techniques successfully prolonged the lifetime of quantum bits, advancing the stability and practicality of quantum computing. Lastly, biomedical research illuminated how light perception regulates glucose metabolism mechanisms, offering new insights for the treatment of metabolic diseases such as diabetes. In battery technology, a newly discovered mechanism for charge storage aggregation reactions in lithium-sulfur battery interfaces holds promise for enhancing battery performance and promoting the development of the renewable energy industry.
These top 10 advances not only demonstrate the concentrated strength of China’s research capabilities but also contribute valuable wisdom and innovation to the global scientific community, highlighting Chinese scientists’ relentless efforts and outstanding contributions in exploring the unknown world and serving societal well-being.
【来源】https://news.cnstock.com/news,bwkx-202402-5196795.htm
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