科研人员破解羊肚菌真菌性病害之谜
昆明3月7日电（记者 陈晨）中国科学院昆明植物研究所杨祝良攻关团队近日取得重大突破，成功摸清了大宗食用菌病原真菌“家底”，并抓住了羊肚菌真菌性病害的“真凶”，为今后食用菌病害防治提供了本底资料和科学指导。
羊肚菌是一种营养价值极高的珍稀食用菌，但其栽培过程中常遭受真菌性病害的侵袭，严重影响产量和品质。杨祝良团队通过对羊肚菌病原真菌开展系统调查和分子鉴定，首次揭示了羊肚菌真菌性病害的病原菌种类和分布规律。
研究发现，羊肚菌真菌性病害主要由链格孢菌属、镰刀菌属、座囊菌属和青霉菌属等病原菌引起。其中，链格孢菌属病原菌是羊肚菌最主要的病原菌，可引起羊肚菌菌丝体腐烂、子实体畸形和产量下降等症状。
杨祝良团队还深入研究了链格孢菌属病原菌的致病机制，发现其分泌的多种毒力因子能够破坏羊肚菌细胞膜的完整性，抑制羊肚菌的生长发育。
此次研究成果为羊肚菌真菌性病害的防治提供了重要的理论基础。研究团队建议，在羊肚菌栽培过程中，应加强栽培环境的卫生管理，及时清除病菌感染的菌株，并合理使用抗真菌剂进行预防和控制。
该研究成果已发表在国际学术期刊《植物病理学》上。
英语如下：
**Headline:** Morrell Mushroom ‘Killer’ Exposed, Paving Way for FungalDisease Control in Edible Fungi
**Keywords:** Fungal disease, Morrell mushroom, Pathogenic fungi
**News Content:** Researchers Decipher Mystery of Fungal Disease in Morrell Mushrooms
Kunming, March 7 (Reporter Chen Chen) – A research team led by Yang Zhuliang of the Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has recently made a major breakthrough by successfully identifying the “family background” of pathogenic fungi in edible mushrooms and pinpointingthe “real culprit” behind fungal diseases in morrell mushrooms. This discovery provides fundamental data and scientific guidance for future prevention and control of fungal diseases in edible fungi.
Morrell mushrooms are a rare and highly nutritious edible fungus, but their cultivation is often plagued by fungal diseases, which severely affect yield and quality. Through systematic investigation and molecular identification of pathogenic fungi in morrell mushrooms, Yang Zhuliang’s team has, for the first time, revealed the species and distribution patterns of pathogens responsible for fungal diseases in morrell mushrooms.
The study found that fungal diseases in morrell mushrooms are primarily caused by pathogenic fungi belonging to thegenera Cylindrocarpon, Fusarium, Nectria, and Penicillium. Among them, Cylindrocarpon is the most prevalent pathogen in morrell mushrooms, causing symptoms such as mycelial rot, deformed fruiting bodies, and reduced yield.
Yang Zhuliang’s team also conducted in-depth research on the pathogenic mechanisms of Cylindrocarpon pathogens, discovering that they secrete various virulence factors capable of disrupting the integrity of morrell mushroom cell membranes and inhibiting their growth and development.
This research provides an important theoretical foundation for the prevention and control of fungal diseases in morrell mushrooms. The research team recommends strengthening sanitary management of the cultivation environment, promptly removing infected mushroom strains, and rationally using antifungal agents for prevention and control during morrell mushroom cultivation.
The research findings have been published in the international academic journal Phytopathology.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/sh/2024/03-07/10176261.shtml
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