中新网1月25日电(记者 张爽)国家卫生健康委25日召开新闻发布会，介绍冬季呼吸道疾病防治和健康提示有关情况。会上，有记者提问：孩子感染了呼吸道病原体之后，家长会担心是否会感染成肺炎。那么频繁地去医院又担心交叉感染，哪些症状提示孩子有可能感染了肺炎？
国家卫生健康委专家表示，肺炎是一种常见的呼吸道感染疾病，儿童是肺炎的高发人群之一。在孩子感染呼吸道病原体后，家长需要关注以下几个症状，以便及时发现肺炎的可能：
1. 发热：肺炎患儿往往会出现高热，体温可达到39°C以上。如果孩子体温持续升高，且退烧药物效果不明显，应及时就医。
2. 咳嗽：肺炎患儿咳嗽较为剧烈，痰量较多，易导致呼吸急促。如果孩子咳嗽持续加重，或出现脓性痰、血性痰等症状，应及时就医。
3. 呼吸困难：肺炎患儿呼吸急促，表现为喘息、鼻翼扇动等。如果孩子出现呼吸困难，尤其是在休息时仍无法平卧，应及时就医。
4. 胸痛：肺炎患儿胸部疼痛较明显，可能会出现胸闷、气急等症状。如果孩子出现胸痛，尤其是深呼吸时疼痛加重，应及时就医。
5. 乏力、食欲减退：肺炎患儿常伴有全身不适，表现为乏力、食欲减退等。如果孩子出现这些症状，且病情持续加重，应及时就医。
专家提醒，预防肺炎的关键在于加强自我保护意识，做好日常防护措施。如勤洗手、保持室内空气流通、避免拥挤场所等。此外，家长还需关注孩子的饮食营养，增强免疫力，减少感冒等呼吸道疾病的发生。
对于疑似肺炎的患者，专家建议及时就医，避免自行用药或延误治疗。在就诊过程中，要如实告知医生孩子的接触史、旅行史等信息，以便医生更好地判断病情并制定合适的治疗方案。同时，家长也要做好个人防护，避免交叉感染。
英语如下：
Title: Children Infected with respiratory pathogens? Experts answer: These symptoms may suggest the risk of pneumonia!
Keywords: children, pneumonia, symptoms
News content: China News Service, January 25 (Reporter Zhang Shuang) The National Health and Welfare Commission held a press conference on the prevention and control of respiratory diseases and health tips in winter. At the meeting, a reporter asked: When children are infected with respiratory pathogens, parents will worry about whether they will be infected with pneumonia. How can parents identify which symptoms may indicate that their child is at risk of contracting pneumonia due to frequent visits to the hospital and fear of cross-infection?
Experts from the National Health and Welfare Commission said that pneumonia is a common respiratory infection disease, and children are one of the high-risk groups. After children are infected with respiratory pathogens, parents need to pay attention to the following symptoms in order to detect the possibility of pneumonia in time:
1. Fever: Children with pneumonia often have high fevers, with temperatures reaching above 39°C. If the child’s temperature continues to rise and the antipyretic medication has no obvious effect, they should seek medical attention in time.
2. Coughing: Children with pneumonia have severe coughing and a large amount of phlegm, which can easily lead to dyspnea. If the child’s cough continues to worsen or if脓性痰 or blood-tinged sputum appears, they should seek medical attention in time.
3. Respiratory difficulties: Children with pneumonia have rapid breathing, manifested as wheezing and nostrils fanning. If the child experiences respiratory difficulties, especially when unable to lie down during rest, they should seek medical attention in time.
4. Chest pain: Children with pneumonia have more pronounced chest pain, which may be accompanied by shortness of breath and chest tightness. If the child experiences chest pain, especially when breathing deeply causes the pain to intensify, they should seek medical attention in time.
5. Fatigue and loss of appetite: Children with pneumonia often have general discomfort, such as fatigue and loss of appetite. If the child experiences these symptoms and their condition continues to worsen, they should seek medical attention in time.
Experts reminded that the key to preventing pneumonia lies in strengthening self-protection awareness and doing daily protective measures well. For example, washing hands frequently, maintaining indoor air circulation, and avoiding crowded places. In addition, parents should also pay attention to their child’s diet and nutrition, enhance immunity, and reduce the occurrence of cold and other respiratory diseases.
For suspected cases of pneumonia, experts recommend seeking medical attention in a timely manner to avoid self-medication or delaying treatment. During the visit, doctors should be informed truthfully about the child’s contact history, travel history, and other information in order to better judge the condition and develop an appropriate treatment plan. At the same time, parents should also take personal protection measures to avoid cross-infection.
【来源】http://www.chinanews.com/life/2024/01-25/10152687.shtml
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